Det finns idag cirka 160 miljoner byggnader inom EU och energianvändningen hos dessa står för cirka 40 % av unionens totala energiförbrukning. Detta gör byggnadsbeståndet inom EU till den enskilt största källan till koldioxidutsläpp. Dagens krav om energieffektivitet på moderna byggnader såsom bostadshus, kontorshus och andra lokaler är ett steg i ledet om att minska energianvändningen inom sa

I takt med att det offentliga i allt större utsträckning väljer att köpa in varor och tjänster från marknaden ökar också risken för anbudskarteller. I arbete med att förhindra och beivra uppkomsten av dessa otillåtna samarbeten kompletteras upphandlingslagstiftningen av konkurrensrätten. Den förstnämnda kan i detta hänseende sägas reglera den miljö vari vilken anbudskarteller uppkommer medan den sAs the public sector increases the sourcing of goods and services from the market place rather than providing them in-house, the risk for collusive behaviour in the form of bidding cartels increases. To prevent such illegal collaboration, public procurement law are supplemented with competition law. The role of the public procurement law is to regulate the environment where cartels may emerge, whi

The majority of the deaths when a fire takes place are due to the smoke. The fire gases can easily spread through the ventilation system if it is not properly designed and some safety measures are taken. The current legislation suggest as solution to install independent ventilation systems or smoke barriers. However, the new Swedish legislation will offer new possibilities base on smoke dilution

Most Swedish housing is ventilated by a mechanical exhaust ventilation or natural ventilation. In both of the ventilation system the fresh air is usually added through vents in the outer wall straight into the bedroom and living room. The solution may involve a risk of draft experience and poor thermal comfort in the vicinity of the inlets. One measure that the residents can then take is to

We propose an approximate scheme based on a saddle point approximation of propagators in higher order perturbation calculation. This scheme is applied to a general expression for one-loop scalar functions, and thereafter used to calculate the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. The scheme is shown to be increasingly precise as the number of propagators increase, spanning a precision of 0.72

Godly Play is a method for Christian Education inspired by Maria Montessori’s work. It aims to give children a language for their religious experiences. In the same way as Montessori used children’s play and eagerness to learn as means to an end – education, Godly Play uses play to explain the relationship with God. However, Godly Play stresses the importance of playing for the sake of playing, no

This thesis examines how the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that India is currently negotiating with the European Union (IndEUFTA) may impede the production of Indian generic version of HIV/AIDS medicines and thereby hinder access to HIV/AIDS medicines. The reason for discussing specifically HIV medicines in the context of Indian generic manufacture is important in two ways. First, considering the dis

The concern raised in this paper is whether the cone of diversification for EU to its low income trading partners has become more similar over time, as this would imply a risk for a Stolper- Samuelson effect. In order to assess this risk, the methodology in this paper is designed to capture any rising similarities of EU to its trading partners since a Stolper- Samuleson effect infers that the good

A Spark Discharge Generator is a versatile device which can be used to generate nanoparticles from any two conducting sources. The device constructed during this thesis project was to make metallic mono-disperse aerosol nanoparticles towards applications in catalysis and nanowire growth. The operating principle is two electrodes separated by a gap with an applied voltage above the discharge voltag

Pore water pressure is defined relative to atmospheric pressure and it is cero kPa at the water table. Under the water table the pore water pressure rises linearly at a hydrostatic pressure distribution and above the water table it sinks. How the pore water pressure profile above the groundwater table develops in practice depends on the soil water content. The relationship between water content an

The master’s dissertation deals with finite element analysis of a quay sheet pile. The main aims are to calculate the deformation and section forces for the sheet pile at different construction stages, get the most realistic soil parameters for the stabilized clay soil and to find out the minimum possible steel section for the sheet pile wall. The sheet pile is built in order to expand the existi

In conventional design of pile foundations, all loads are taken by the piles, i.e. the contact pressure between the raft and the soil is neglected. In the last decades geotechnical engineers have started to take this pressure into account in design of pile foundation. Such a foundation, where the raft and the piles interact to transfer the loads to the ground, is in this dissertation called piled

En fördjupad utredning av släntstabiliteten har utförts enligt skredkommissionens anvisningar 3:95 för bostadsområden i Sjuntorp, Trollhättans kommun. Med hjälp av data från geotekniska undersökningar utförda i området samt kvalitativa laboratorieförsök har skjuvhåll-fasthetsparametrar utvärderats. En analys har utförts för att ta reda på hur en noggrann utredning av skjuvhållfastheten påverkar de

When building new constructions under ground level in cities it is important that the foundations of neighboring buildings are undisturbed. The regulations regarding soil deformations are hence very strict and conventional methods of predicting soil behavior is often too crude. Finite element calculations are therefore becoming an increasingly important tool used to predict soil behavior in and ar

Traditionally, the underground problems have been handled in the topic geotechnical engineering. Within geotechnical engineering FEM has in recent years begun to be used to solve problems in the soil mechanics. The soil mechanical relations are also applicable to the superstructure materials. The usage of the same tools on the entire road structure increases the chances to catch the degradation of