Sökresultat

The application of Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS) has few established guidelines and often suffers from insufficient model documentation. We assess the prevalence of best practices associated with different types of model documentation in light of the European Union’s AI Act (AI Act). Our analysis reveals that best practices are often implemented together but ultimately reinforce the p

The Ordovician of Scandinavia (i.e. Denmark, Norway and Sweden) has been investigated for over two centuries and, through time, various chronostratigraphic schemes have been introduced, facilitating regional correlation. However, a modern chronostratigraphy has never been proposed. Here, we delineate ten regional stages for the Ordovician of Scandinavia, comprising, in ascending order, the Slemmes

We introduce the point process [Formula presented] where Zn is the normalization constant. This point process is attractive: it involves n dependent, uniformly distributed random variables on the unit circle that attract each other. (For comparison, the well-studied CβE involves n uniformly distributed random variables on the unit circle that repel each other.) We consider linear statistics of the

Background & aims: We have previously reported that the serum levels of gut-derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) are lower in individuals with liver fibrosis. Now, we explored the transcriptome and DNA methylome associated with serum IPA levels in human liver from obese individuals together with IPA effects on shifting the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) phenotype to inactiv

Slow sand filters (SSFs) for drinking water production are habitats for diverse microbes from multiple domains of life, which are integral to the ability of SSFs to purify water. While cultivation-independent analyses of the prokaryotic communities of SSFs have provided valuable insights, little attention has been paid to fungi inhabiting SSFs. This study characterized the fungal communities in th

Platform trials have become widely adopted across multiple disease areas over recent years, however, guidelines for operationalising these trials have not kept pace. We outline a series of documents that summarise the statistical components, and implicit processes, of the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial to provide an informal template for other researchers and reviewer

Purpose: Defunctioning stoma (DS) has been suggested to mitigate the consequences of anastomotic leak (AL) after low anterior resection. Stoma reversal (SR) is commonly delayed for nonmedical reasons in many healthcare systems. This study investigated the impact of the elapsed time from AR to SR on postoperative 90-day complications. The secondary aim was to explore the independent factors associa

The membranous ER spans the entire cell, creating a network for the biosynthesis of proteins and lipids, cell-wide communication, and nuclear delivery of molecules, including therapeutic agents. Here, we identify a novel ER response triggered by the tumoricidal complex alpha1-oleate, defined by a loss of peripheral ER structure, extensive ER vesiculation. Alpha1-oleate was present in the ER-derive

Using detailed hand-collected data on firm ownership and board cultural diversity from Sweden, we find that foreign ownership is positively associated with board cultural diversity. This relationship is not an artifact of foreign owners joining the board, and it is not driven by firms with substantial foreign focus. The presence of foreign owners on nomination committees seems to be the channel th

Background: Despite recent advances in neuroimaging and neurocritical care, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still a major cause of severe disability and mortality, with increasing incidence worldwide. Antisecretory factor (AF), commercially available as Salovum®, has been shown to lower intracranial pressure (ICP) in experimental models of, e.g., TBI and herpes encephalitis. The aim of this

Objective: Exercise is a first-line intervention for osteoarthritis (OA). However, exercise adherence remains low, and existing studies exploring factors influencing adherence have yielded inconclusive results based on quantitative data. This study aims to synthesise qualitative studies focused on the perceived facilitators and barriers affecting exercise adherence in individuals with OA. Design:

In this work we present a simultaneous shape and topology optimization framework that generates large-scale 3D designs on unstructured grids. We consider a “parameter-free” shape optimization approach, wherein the nodal coordinates in the finite element mesh serve as design variables. To regularize the design changes we use a PDE-based filter, similar to the filtering techniques used in topology o

Introduction: Exposure to environmental chemicals during fetal development may increase the risk of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC), but few studies have tested the hypothesis. We focused on organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), previously investigated in relation to other male reproductive health outcomes. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study of 33

A continuum approach for anisotropic high-cycle fatigue modelling for metals is described. The approach is based on the idea of an endurance surface moving in the stress space where the movement is described by a back-stress tensor. The movement of the endurance surface is governed by an evolution equation. Thereby, the back stress tensor memorizes the load history so that fatigue damage accumulat

The widespread deposition of marine siliceous rocks marks a fundamental shift in the ancient ocean's biogeochemical dynamics, transitioning from Precambrian systems dominated by direct inorganic silica precipitation as the primary silicon sink to modern environments where microbial processes strongly govern silica dissolution. The massive Liuchapo chert in the Nanhua Basin, South China, formed dur

Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician) carbonate rocks were collected from the Xiangshuidong section in the Hubei Province, South China, and analysed for conodont biostratigraphy. A total of 24 species belonging to 16 genera were recovered from the Nantsinkuan and Fenhsiang formations. Three conodont zones are recognized based on this material: the Rossodus manitouensis Zone, Colaptoconus quadraplicatus–P

Developing a reliable procedure for the growth of III-V nanowires (NW) on silicon (Si) substrates remains a significant challenge, as current methods rely on trial-and-error approaches with varying interpretations of critical process steps such as sample preparation, Au-Si alloy formation in the growth reactor, and NW alignment. Addressing these challenges is essential for enabling high-performanc

During the energy crisis in 2022/2023, households across Europe were encouraged to reduce their energy use to contribute to energy sufficiency, sovereignty, and solidarity. This paper explores energy saving heating practices among Swedish single-family households during the energy crisis in 2022. The Energy Cultures Framework is used to investigate how material culture and norms affect practices f

IMPORTANCE: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most prevalent sustained arrhythmia, portends higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and is associated with quantifiable impairment in quality of life. While physical activity is widely recognized for its cardiovascular benefits, recent evidence challenges its role in the development of AF. OBSERVATIONS: Emerging data suggest a U-shaped rel