The lack of effective, scalable solutions for lifestyle treatment is a global clinical problem, causing severe morbidity and mortality. We developed a method for lifestyle treatment that promotes self-reflection and iterative behavioral change, provided as a digital tool, and evaluated its effect in 370 patients with type 2 diabetes (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04691973). Users of the tool h

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of systemic inflammation. Increased levels of CRP in young persons have been suggested to decrease the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: To assess CRP as a risk factor for MS. Methods: Levels of CRP were measured with a high-sensitive immunoassay in biobank samples from 837 individuals who later developed MS and 984 matched controls. The

There is growing evidence that the hydrodynamic gradient expansion is factorially divergent. We advocate for using Dingle's singulants as a way to gain analytic control over its large-order behavior for nonlinear flows. Within our approach, singulants can be viewed as new emergent degrees of freedom which reorganize the large-order gradient expansion. We work out the physics of singulants for long

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important and nutritious cereal crop, and there is a growing need to identify genes that contribute to improved oat varieties. Here we utilize a newly sequenced and annotated oat reference genome to locate and characterize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting agronomic and grain-quality traits in five oat populations. We find strong and significant associations betw

Manganese-oxo species catalyze key reactions, including C-H bond activation or dioxygen formation in natural photosynthesis. To better understand relevant reaction intermediates, we characterize electronic states and geometric structures of [MnOn]+ manganese-oxo complexes that represent a wide range of manganese oxidation states. To this end, we apply soft X-ray spectroscopy in a cryogenic ion tra

Our habits constantly influence the environment, often in negative ways that amplify global environmental and health risks. Hence, change is urgent. To facilitate habit change, inhibiting unwanted behaviors appears to be a natural human reaction. Here, we use a novel experimental design to test how inhibitory control affects two key components of changing (rewiring) habit-like behaviors in healthy

Background: Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms define the three major muscle fiber types in human extremity muscles. Slow beta/cardiac MyHC (MYH7) is expressed in type 1 muscle fibers. MyHC IIa (MYH2) and MyHC IIx (MYH1) are expressed in type 2A and 2B fibers, respectively. Whereas recessive MyHC IIa myopathy has been described in many cases, myopathy caused by dominant MYH2 variants is rare and h

Backround: During the last decades, outbreaks of foodborne illnesses have increasingly been linked to fresh and/or minimally processed fruit and vegetables. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli was the causal agent for major outbreaks in Europe with leafy green vegetables and sprouts. To improve food safety, microbial antagonism has received attention during recent years and could be one of the solu

Background: Hosts are often simultaneously infected with several parasite species. These co-infections can lead to within-host interactions of parasites, including mutualism and competition, which may affect both virulence and transmission. Birds are frequently co-infected with different haemosporidian parasites, but very little is known about if and how these parasites interact in natural host po

Fission at low excitation energy is an ideal playground to probe the impact of nuclear structure on nuclear dynamics. While the importance of structural effects in the nascent fragments is well established in the (trans-)actinide region, the observation of asymmetric fission in several neutron-deficient pre-actinides can be explained by various mechanisms. To deepen our insight into that puzzle, a

As synchrotron facilities continue to generate increasingly brilliant X-rays and detector speeds increase, swift data reduction from the collected area detector images to more workable 1D diffractograms becomes of increasing importance. This work reports an integration algorithm that can integrate diffractograms in real time on modern laptops and can reach 10 kHz integration speeds on modern works

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the heat and mass transport characteristics in microchannel reactors with non-uniform catalyst distributions. Design/methodology/approach: A two-dimensional model is developed to study the heat and mass transport characteristics in microchannel reactors. The heat and mass transport processes in the microchannel reactors with non-uniform catalyst

Heart transplantation is a difficult procedure compared with other surgical operations, with a greater outcome uncertainty such as late rejection and death. We can model the success of heart transplants from predicting factors such as the age, sex, diagnosis, etc., of the donor and recipient. Although predictions can mitigate the uncertainty on the transplantation outcome, their accuracy is far fr

Despite advances in MRI, the detection and characterisation of lymph nodes in rectal cancer remains complex, especially when assessing the response to neo-adjuvant treatment. An alternative approach is functional imaging, previously shown to aid characterization of cancer tissues. We report proof-of-concept of the novel technique Contrast-Enhanced Magneto-Motive Ultrasound (CE-MMUS) to recover inf

AIMS: The aim of this Commentary is to outline a few steps of the process by which psychosocial stress and later social capital have been investigated as health determinants at Lund University, Malmö since the 1980s. References to the international literature and literature from Malmö from the mid-1980s and onwards will be used.RESULTS: The development of research on psychosocial factors and socia

Due to the growing importance of demand response program (DRP) in demand side management in power systems as well as increasing employment of combined heat and power (CHP) units, the issue of energy management of large consumers equipped with CHP units in the presence of a DRP based on the day-ahead electricity price has been studied in this paper. To solve the considered non-convex and non-linear

Software development companies spend considerable time resolving bug reports. However, bug reports might be invalid, i.e., not point to a valid flaw. Expensive resources and time might be expended on invalid bug reports before discovering that they are invalid. In this case study, we explore the impact of invalid bug reports and develop and assess the use of machine learning (ML) to indicate wheth

Positioning using wave signal measurements is used in several applications, such as GPS systems, structure from sound and Wifi based positioning. Mathematically, such problems require the computation of the positions of receivers and/or transmitters as well as time offsets if the devices are unsynchronized. In this paper, we expand the previous state-of-the-art on positioning formulations by intro

The allergen provocation test is an established model of allergic airway diseases, including asthma and allergic rhinitis, allowing the study of allergen-induced changes in respiratory physiology and inflammatory mechanisms in sensitised individuals as well as their associations. In the upper airways, allergen challenge is focused on the clinical and pathophysiological sequelae of the early allerg

In this work, we introduce a novel approach for determining a joint sparse spectrum from several non-uniformly sampled data sets, where each data set is assumed to have its own, and only partially known, sampling times. The problem originates in paleoclimatology, where each data point derives from a separate ice core measurement, resulting in that even though all measurements reflect the same peri