Following Swedish ratification of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in 1989, a number of further reforms of Sweden’s system of local government have taken place. Based on premises derived from institutional theory, this article examines the extent to which these reforms can be seen as further adjustments to the Charter. Analyses of monitoring reports and policy documents indicate that

Background: Violence due to firearms is a major global public health issue and vascular injuries from firearms are particularly lethal. The aim of this study was to analyse population-based epidemiology of firearm-related vascular injuries. Methods: This was a retrospective nationwide epidemiological study including all patients with firearm injuries from the national Swedish Trauma Registry (SweT

2D van der Waals (vdW) antiferromagnets have received intensive attention due to their terahertz resonance, multilevel magnetic-order states, and ultrafast spin dynamics. However, accurately identifying their magnetic configuration still remains a challenge owing to the lack of net magnetization and insensitivity to external fields. In this work, the Néel-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) order in 2D a

Keratins are structural proteins that are abundant in human skin, nails, and hair, where they provide mechanical strength. In the present study, we investigate the molecular mobilities and structures of three keratin-rich materials with clearly different mechanical properties: nails, stratum corneum (upper layer of epidermis), and keratinocytes (from lower layer of epidermis). We use solid-state N

Dytiscus latissimus (Coleoptera Dytiscidae) is an endangered diving beetle throughout its range. It is one of the two species of Dytiscidae listed in Annex II of the Habitats Directive, IUCN red list and in many national level legislations and therefore strictly protected. The conservation of endangered species first of all requires an assessment of their population size. Until now, a method has n

Purpose: Although past studies have found well-constrained soil carbon (C)/nutrient ratios, the effects of increased nitrogen (N) and water inputs on these ratios across soil depths have rarely been assessed in semi-arid grasslands. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the contents of total C, N, phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and their stoichiometric ratios in a 0–80 cm soil profile following 13 yea

Although the consequences of urbanization for the physiological health of animals are the focus of much active research, an overlooked aspect is how physiology could be indirectly modulated by the urban environment via changes in intraspecific behavioural interactions, particularly among gregarious species. Both urbanization and the establishment, as well as maintenance, of hierarchical rank posit

Preening behaviours are widespread in extant birds. While most birds appear to autopreen (self-directed preening), allopreening (preening directed at conspecifics) seems to have emerged only in certain species, but across many families. Allopreening has been hypothesised to reinforce mutual relationships and cooperation between individuals, and to underpin various socio-cognitive abilities. Palaeo

Bookkeeping and accounting is a prevalent feature of small organizations, which has changed face quite substantially with the advent of personal computers and, later, the Internet. The emergence of digitalized accounting procedures has taken place in a nexus of different types of actors (e.g., software developers, accountancy firms and the businesses themselves), regulatory frameworks (e.g., bookk

I artikeln diskuteras de sanktioner som finns i de fall en leverantör felaktigt tilldelats ett offentligt kontrakt eller för det fall att en upphandlande myndighet underlåtit att genomföra en offentlig upphandling i relation till domstolspraxis och de nya rättsmedelsdirektiven. Vidare behandlas frågan om dessa sanktioner även är effektiva mot de upphandlande myndigheter som inte följer beslut från

När en kommun tillhandahåller en tjänst utgår vanligen en avgift som baserar sig på den kommunala självkostnadsprincipen. Frågan om vad som egentligen gäller om en brukare av tjänsten – t.ex. till följd av någon form av bristande (mot)prestation från kommunens sida – inte vill erlägga avgiften är dock inte självklar. Av NJA 1998 s. 656 (I) följer förvisso att tvister rörande barnomsorgsavgifter sk

Under the influence of the Citizenʼs Charter used in the United Kingdom many countries in Europe have started using different types of service agreements in order to improve the quality of public services. In Sweden these agreements usually are called Public Service Guarantees. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to some legal issues that might arise as a result of the use of a typica