The early Stone Age hunters in southern and central Finland were specialized in game species living in young deciduous forests, such as the European elk, the beaver, and the Arctic hare. Later on, the game was enriched by species associated with pine and mixed oak forests, such as the brown bear, the pine marten, the red squirrel, and the forest reindeer. In Lapland the subsistence of the early hu

Popular Abstract in English Among the forms of life found in extreme environments (e.g. high temperatures ‘thermo’ and oxygen deficient ‘anaerobe’), the thermoanaerobic bacteria emerge as a highly evolved and interesting subject of study. Bacteria living as microbial mats in decaying plant material possess a great potential not only to degrade complex biomass but also to produce special chemicals.A novel ethanol-producing thermoanaerobe Caloramator boliviensis 45BT (=DSM 22065T, =CCUG 57396T) was isolated from a hot spring of the Bolivian highlands. C. boliviensis possesses the ability to utilize a wide range of substrates and can efficiently convert hexoses and pentoses into ethanol with concomitant production of acetate, carbon dioxide and hydrogen as by-products of fermentation. However

Popular Abstract in Swedish Analytisk kemi innefattar metoder för bestämning av den kemiska sammansättningen hos prover och ämnen. En kvalitativ metod ger information om den atomära eller molekylära sammansättningen medan en kvantitativ metod ger numeriska värden på hur mycket det finns av en eller flera av de komponenter som ingår i ett prov. En kombination av de båda metoderna är ofta önskvärd dAmperometric enzyme based biosensors were designed, developed and characterised in flow systems. Solid graphite and carbon paste electrodes were used as support for enzyme immobilisation. Both mediated and direct electron transfers between redox enzymes and electrodes were utilised for biosensor construction, as well as coupled enzyme systems. Special emphasis was placed on the optimisation of bio

Transient experiments are one of many techniques available to study heterogeneous catalysis and the catalysts used. The results obtained by transient experiments contain valuable information that is helpful in explaining reaction mechanism and interaction at the catalytic surface. The work that was performed covers areas that reach from the selective (ammoxidation) and complete oxidation of propan

Coordinating a software project across distances is challenging. Even without geographical and time zone distances, other distances within a project can cause communication gaps. For example, organisational and cognitive distances between product owners and development-near roles such as developers and testers can lead to weak alignment of the software and the business requirements. Applying good

Lärande över nätet innebär ett förändrat tänkande för både lärare och studenter. Med den lyckade fort- och vidareutbildningskursen medicinsk fysik för gymnasielärare som exempel, diskuteras i det följande lärandemodell, erfarenheter och faktorer som är viktiga för att nå framgång med en kurs. Det primära syftet med kursen är att ge fysiklärare bättre förutsättningar att undervisa fysik och teknik