The impact of pH coupled to process design for the conversion of the energy crop Arundo donax to ethanol was assessed in the present study under industrially relevant solids loadings. Two main process strategies were investigated, i.e. the traditional simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) and a HYBRID design, where a long high temperature enzymatic hydrolysis step was carried ou

4-Substituted bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-diones have been synthesized and tested as substrates in the enantioselective reduction with baker's yeast to give the corresponding hydroxy ketones. It was found that the derivative bearing a TIPSO group at the 4-position was not reduced at all while that with a TBDMSO group gave 87% yield and 46% ee. Other 4-oxy functionalized derivatives were reduced with

Den svenska yrkesutbildningen gick igenom ett dramatiskt systemskifte under mellan 1940 och 1975. från att i huvudsak ha varit praktisk och arbetsplatsförlagd till att bli skolförlagd med begränsad kontakt med arbetslivet. Det var en så stor förändring att den måste betecknas som ett systemskifte inom yrkesutbildningen. I ett internationellt perspektiv är ett sådant skifte ovanligt och skutresulta

Formaldehyde in aqueous solution is hydrolysed and forms methanediol. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy we show that the hydrolysation product can be identified by a distinct electronic signature in the spectra. This is manifested by the disappearance of the oxygen 1s -> pi* absorption line. The X-ray absorption spectrum of aqueous formaldehyde is compared with those of the structurally similar

The Basic Surgical Skills course uses an assessment score interval of 0-3. An extended score interval, 1-6, was proposed by the Swedish steering committee of the course. The aim of this study was to analyze the trainee scores in the current 0-3 scored version compared to a proposed 1-6 scored version.

Asylum seekers often find themselves in a situation where the structure and content of daily occupations have been disrupted and they might have limited access to paid work and education. Studies have shown that asylum seekers experience occupational depri- vation and a change in daily occupations which might even influence their identity. Such deprivation can eventually lead to dissatisfaction wi

The thermoresponsive polymer poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAM) was grafted in mesoporous SBA-15 silica. The grafting process consists of three steps: (i) increasing the amount of surface silanol groups of SBA-15 by hydroxylation, (ii) attachment of an anchor (1-(trichlorosilyl)-2-(m/p-(chloromethylphenyl)ethane) and finally (iii) the polymerization of the monomers (NIPAAM) onto the anchor. Afte

In dim light, scarcity of photons typically leads to poor vision. Nonetheless, many animals show visually guided behavior with dim environments. We investigated the signaling properties of photoreceptors of the dark active cockroach (Periplaneta americana) using intracellular and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to determine whether they show selective functional adaptations to dark. Expectedly,

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common, dangerous and interesting. This review includes a general background on UTIs and molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. In addition, we discuss UTI susceptibility and especially the effect of genetic variation on innate immunity. The symptoms of acute pyelonephritis are caused by the innate immune response and inflammation in the urinary tract decreases re

Background: A unique feature of alveolar mast cells is their low high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expression. Recent discoveries in uncontrolled asthma suggest that the appearance of FcεRI-expressing alveolar mast cells may be a novel disease-specific feature of allergic asthma. This study investigates whether increased FcεRI-expressing alveolar mast cells are present in patients with mild aller

The use of new powerful nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to identify and screen for prevalence of parasites has a huge potential. It allows for the detection and identification of low-intensity infections, but its high sensitivity and technical setup may also induce problems. Here, we report a cautionary note regarding misleading amplification of avian malaria species (Haemoproteu

Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabetes är en folksjukdom och dess förekomst ökar dramatiskt över hela världen. Typ 2 diabetes, eller åldersdiabetes, är den i särklass vanligaste varianten av diabetes. Typ 2 diabetes är starkt förknippat med övervikt och fetma vilket illustreras av att ca 90 % av alla typ 2 diabetiker är överviktiga. Typ 2 diabetes kan förhindras genom livsstilsförändringar. Många mäThere is currently a dramatic and global increase in obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated metabolic disorders. T2D can be delayed or prevented in individuals at risk and identifying and developing new food concepts for the prevention of obesity and T2D is of utmost importance. This thesis describes our work on exploring new food concepts for the prevention of T2D. We have used 3T3-L1 adip

Context. Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are some of the most metal-poor, and least luminous objects known. Detailed elemental abundance analysis of stars in these faint objects is key to our understanding of star formation and chemical enrichment in the early universe, and may provide useful information on how larger galaxies form. Aims. Our aim is to provide a determination of [Fe/H] and [Ca/H] for co

A nonionic lamellar phase was prepared using C10E3 in buffer solution at pH = 7.6. A suitable T4DNA concentration around 5 wt % was immobilized in a lamellar phase with 40 wt % C10E3. The mixed system was investigated at two temperatures, 25 and 5 degrees C by using cryo-fracture TEM direct imaging, fluorescence microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. The surprising results where obtained sho