The upper esophageal sphincter (UES), also known as the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES), is a 4-cm segment of the digestive tract that separates the esophagus from the pharynx and larynx. This narrative review represents an overview of the anatomy and physiology of this critical component of the airway protective mechanism. The structure is bounded anteriorly by the larynx, posterolaterally by th

Brain ischemia is a major cause of neurological dysfunction and mortality worldwide. It occurs not only acutely, such as in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but also in chronic conditions like cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Any other conditions resulting in brain hypoperfusion can also lead to ischemia. Ischemic events can cause blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and, ultimately, white matter

BackgroundImpact of rectal tumour location on risk of lymph node metastases (LNM) and recurrence in early RC is poorly studied and elusive. Tumour location as a prognostic factor may contribute to optimise management of early RC in the future. The aim of this study was to investigate rectal tumour location as an independent predictor of oncologic outcome in early rectal cancer (RC).MethodsRetrospeBACKGROUND: Impact of rectal tumour location on risk of lymph node metastases (LNM) and recurrence in early RC is poorly studied and elusive. Tumour location as a prognostic factor may contribute to optimise management of early RC in the future. The aim of this study was to investigate rectal tumour location as an independent predictor of oncologic outcome in early rectal cancer (RC).METHODS: Retr

Background Dyspnoea is one of the emergency department’s (ED) most common and deadly chief complaints, but frequently misdiagnosed and mistreated. We aimed to design a diagnostic decision support which classifies dyspnoeic ED visits into acute heart failure (AHF), exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (eCOPD), pneumonia and “other diagnoses” by using deep learning and complete, uns

The selection of pharmaceutical polymorphisms in the final production step is very important in terms of product recovery, properties, and storage. The amorphous, dihydrated crystalline, and anhydrous crystalline forms of paclitaxel were prepared using precipitation, spray drying, and colloid formation methods. These methods were found to be highly efficient and convenient, giving high recovery, s

The stability of drug is a critical factor in quality control, drug efficacy, safety, storage, and production conditions. The rearrangement of paclitaxel, which involves opening of the oxetane ring and migration of acetyl group occurred on heating a powder of purified paclitaxel. Subsequently, the unusual migration of benzoyl groups progressed rapidly in organic solvents. These rearrangement deriv

The taxane derivatives 13-dehydroxybaccatin III (13-DHB III) and 10-deacetylpaclitaxel (10-DAP) can be used as semi-synthetic precursors of paclitaxel. These precursors were isolated in a simple and economical procedure during purification of paclitaxel from plant cell culture extracts. No additional costs for cell culture or extraction by silica-gel low-pressure chromatography were incurred. Prec

A novel isolation and purification method was developed for producing 1,3-propanediol with high purity and high yield from the mixture containing 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol, and glucose. The developed method, which consisted of phase separation and chromatography, was found to be a simple and efficient procedure for the isolation and purification of 1,3-propanediol from the other c

The use of three-dimensional printing (3DP) for rapid prototyping and manufacturing has brought new insights for component production following customized and complex geometrical designs. Due to its excellent mechanical strength, flexibility and potential biocompatibility, polyurethane (PU) has been developed for fabricating convoluted biomedical devices by 3DP. Such a manufacturing technic offers

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are a heterogenous group of immune cells composed by dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mϕ), which are critical for orchestrating immunity against cancer or infections. Several strategies have been explored to generate APC subsets, including enrichment from peripheral blood and differentiation from pluripotent or multipotent cells. During development, the genera

The Arctic is undergoing a shift toward a warmer and wetter climate. Recent experiments indicate that the carbon balance of subarctic wet tundra is sensitive to both summer warming and deeper snow. However, few studies have combined experimental data with process-oriented models to predict how the terrestrial carbon cycle will respond to future climate change. Here, we use CoupModel, a process-ori

Accurately simulating stomatal behavior is crucial for understanding water, carbon, and energy fluxes between land and atmosphere. Given the significant impact of plastic film mulching on water and temperature, it is essential to incorporate water and temperature modifications into stomatal conductance models under these conditions. In this study, we evaluated three commonly used stomatal conducta

En bildessä om artefakter från Tjernobyl och Prypjat 2019. Lämningar efter reaktorhaveri i kärnkraftverket 1986.

This edition of Design for All, India has the title “Difference – Sketching, Visualising and Challenging Universal Design in Sweden”. Human difference can be conceptualised in the form of labels attached to people, such as ‘people with disabilities’ or ‘people without disabilities’ . Such categorisations can be investigated with regards to how they are used to separate people and to assign values

The background to this article is an interest in what categorisations such as ‘persons with or without disability’ create in terms of inequality and stigma, and how categorisations can support the implementation of Universal Design (UD). The article aims to show how a shift in categorisation can lead to a shift in the conceptualisation of UD, from “inclusive” to “nonclusive” design, i.e., to desig

Nonclusion is aligned with Universal Design and involves a critical approach to the categorisation of people. Specifically, nonclusion resists categorisations of bodies/roles and does not come with predefined or presupposed limits in terms of who something is meant for. While UD and nonclusion generally target Design and Architecture, this article explores how nonclusion can be conveyed through te

There is not much written about how to teach universal design (UD) in design educations. This article aims to present the didactic experiences from teaching three courses in universal design at Mid Sweden University and Lund University: the courses Design for freedom, Universal Design Theory and Universal design of digital accessibility. By comparing and contrasting our experiences in a qualitativ