Background: Malaria kills almost 1 million people every year, but the mechanisms behind protective immunity against the disease are still largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, surface plasmon resonance technology was used to evaluate the affinity (measured as kd) of naturally acquired antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum antigens MSP2 and AMA1. Antibodies in serum samp

30% of the DNA in E. coli bacteria is covered by proteins. Such a high degree of crowding affects the dynamics of generic biological processes (e.g. gene regulation, DNA repair, protein diffusion etc) in ways that are not yet fully understood. In this paper, we theoretically address the diffusion constant of a tracer particle in a one-dimensional system surrounded by impenetrable crowder particles

Water monomers and dimers have been studied at low temperatures in matrices of solid p-H(2), o-D(2), n-H(2), and n-D(2) using infrared spectroscopy. Our data demonstrate interaction mechanisms between host matrix and guest molecules that are different from the ones observed in atomic noble gas matrices. Notably both guest/host rotational-rotational interaction and matrix induced modifications of t

The fibrillation kinetics of the amyloid beta peptide is analyzed in presence of cationic polystyrene nanoparticles of different size. The results highlight the importance of the ratio between the peptide and particle concentration. Depending on the specific ratio, the kinetic effects vary from acceleration of the fibrillation process by reducing the lag phase at low particle surface area in solut

The map is not simply a representation of existing space, or a mirror of the earth’s surface. It is rather a multi-faceted instrument expressing that the power to represent is the power to order, and that the rationality of geometrical space could influence people’s lived spaces through its role as a planning tool. These issues are discussed with three examples from Swedish modernity; the producti

Coordination of apical constriction in epithelial sheets is a fundamental process during embryogenesis. Here, we show that DRhoGEF2 is a key regulator of apical pulsation and constriction of amnioserosal cells during Drosophila dorsal closure. Amnioserosal cells mutant for DRhoGEF2 exhibit a consistent decrease in amnioserosa pulsations whereas overexpression of DRhoGEF2 in this tissue leads to an

Objective: To determine whether preterm birth is associated with epilepsy in a national cohort of adults aged 25-37 years. Methods: We conducted a national cohort study of 630,090 infants born in Sweden from 1973 through 1979, including 27,953 born preterm (< 37 weeks), followed from 2005 to 2009 for 1) hospitalization for epilepsy and 2) outpatient and inpatient prescription of antiepileptic drug

Overwash is the flow of water and sediment over the crest of a beach system when the runup level of waves or the water level, often enhanced by storm surge, exceeds the local beach or dune crest height. The impacts of overwash on coastal barriers or low lying mainland coasts are striking. Overwash may cause deposition of sand on and landward of the beach crest, large fan shaped deposits on back ba

A new method to accurately estimate the interaction energy between a large molecule and a smaller ligand is presented. The method approximates the electrostatic and induction contributions classically by multipole and polarizability expansions, but uses explicit quantum-mechanical fragment calculations for the remaining (nonclassical) contributions, mainly dispersion and exchange repulsion. Thu

Fluence-response curves were obtained at nine wavelengths in the interval 280--360 nmformRNAtranscripts of four molecular markers induced by ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.: CHS (encoding chalcone synthase), PDX1.3 (encoding an enzyme involved in formation of pyridoxine), MEB5.2 (encoding a protein with unknown function but which is strongly upregulated by UV-B),

Aims. The detection and measurement of gravitational-waves from coalescing neutron-star binary systems is an important science goal for ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. In addition to emitting gravitational-waves at frequencies that span the most sensitive bands of the LIGO and Virgo detectors, these sources are also amongst the most likely to produce an electromagnetic counterpart to th

Block copolymers dissolved in selective solvent often self-assemble. We review the use of NMR to Study this process and to characterize the aggregates formed. We stress the need to consider the polydispersity of the polymers and the fact that the increase in NMR relaxation rates observed upon aggregation can be assigned to contributions from the block copolymer micelle tumbling. (C) 2008 Elsevier

Based on the chiral perturbation theory, we investigate the low-energy dynamics of nucleon parton distributions. We show that in different regions of the momentum fraction x the chiral expansion is significantly different. For nucleon parton distributions these regions are characterized by x similar to 1, x similar to m(pi)/M-N and x similar to (m(pi)/M-N)(2). We derive extended counting rules for

In a recent publication, Feng et al. [Feng et al., Nat. Mater., 2015, 14, 61] reported a very interesting re-entrant solidification behaviour of colloidal particles in an aqueous solution containing polyethylene oxide (PEO). In this system, a crystalline colloidal phase, which is present at low temperatures, melts to a homogeneous fluid upon increasing the temperature. Further raising the temperat

Background: Lung cancer is the worldwide leading cause of death from cancer. Tobacco usage is the major pathogenic factor, but all lung cancers are not attributable to smoking. Specifically, lung cancer in never-smokers has been suggested to represent a distinct disease entity compared to lung cancer arising in smokers due to differences in etiology, natural history and response to specific treatm

Dizziness in older people is associated with disability and reduced quality of life. Few studies have investigated how daily life is affected from the older person's perspective. Identifying barriers and resources in daily life could guide health care in how to direct efficient interventions. The aim of this study was to explore older persons' experiences of living with chronic dizziness.

Stroke and in this case cerebral infarction affects 20 million people each year and five million of them die. In Sweden 30-35000 people will be affected and one of three of them will be severely disabled. In addition, one of six will suffer a new stroke within six years. The cause of stroke is usually a vessel in the brain that is blocked, resulting in massive neuronal cell death. Since treatment

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels. For overt type 2 diabetes to develop, both insulin action and insulin secretion must be perturbed. In the work presented in this thesis, two models were analyzed: hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) null mice and a pancreatic clonal β-cell line to study the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and insulin secretion pert