The global pharmaceutical market has been the subject of considerable controversy in both the public and academic debate. Much of the controversy has centred around European price controls and the right of pharmaceutical manufacturers to independently set prices. This subject of this paper in one of the tools used by the EU governments control prices; namely parallel trade. The empirical research

Recent advances in therapeutics are now providing a wide range of options for adults and children living with hemophilia. Although therapeutic choices are also increasing for the youngest individuals with severe disease, challenges remain about early management decisions, as supporting data are currently limited. Parents and healthcare professionals are tasked with helping children achieve an incl

Kraft lignin was used to formulate adhesives in combination with polyethyleneimine, chitosan and soy protein, respectively. The tensile strengths of bond lines formulated with laccase-treated and untreated lignin were found to be similar. However, a remarkable difference was noted when laccase-treated lignin was reduced by sodium borohydride prior to reacting either with chitosan or soy protein -

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in human newborns. A key GBS virulence factor is its capsular polysaccharide (CPS), displaying terminal sialic acid (Sia) residues which block deposition and activation of complement on the bacterial surface. We recently demonstrated that GBS Sia can bind human CD33-related Sia-recognizing immunoglobulin (Ig) superfami

The BioCyc database collection is a set of 160 pathway/genome databases (PGDBs) for most eukaryotic and prokaryotic species whose genomes have been completely sequenced to date. Each PGDB in the BioCyc collection describes the genome and predicted metabolic network of a single organism, inferred from the MetaCyc database, which is a reference source on metabolic pathways from multiple organisms. I

The aim of this investigation is to measure the interface fracture toughness of a woven composite. For this purpose, double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens are tested to measure the load as the delamination grows. The specimen is composed of 15 layers of a carbon-epoxy, balanced weave with alternate layers containing fibers in the directions and the directions. A thin piece of Teflon is placed bet

In anaerobic digestion (AD), the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can be beneficial or harmful to the overall process, depending on the concentration of accumulated acids. Therefore, the accurate determination of the SCFA concentration in both fresh and stored sludge hydrolysates is important. To select a suitable method for monitoring SCFAs during the AD of sewage sludge, the accurac

An efficient protocol has been developed for the exo-mono and exo,exo-bis functionalization of Tröger's base in the benzylic 6 and 12 positions of the diazocine ring. The lithiation of Tröger's base using s-BuLi/TMEDA followed by electrophilic quench affords exo-mono- and exo,exo-bis-substituted derivatives of Tröger's base in good to excellent yields. The variation of the number of equivalents of

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are receptors believed to be important for regulation of cellular activation and inflammation. Several pathogenic microbes bind specific Siglecs via sialic acid-containing structures at the microbial surface, interactions that may result in modulation of host responses. Recently, it was shown that the group B Streptococcus (GBS) binds to hu

The stability of the Nyström method for the Sherman-Lauricella equation on contours with corner points $c_j$, $j=0,1,...,m$ relies on the invertibility of certain operators $A_{c_j}$ belonging to an algebra of Toeplitz operators. The operators $A_{c_j}$ do not depend on the shape of the contour, but on the opening angle $\theta_j$ of the corresponding corner $c_j$ and on parameters of the approxim

Consider the communication system model y = HFx+n, where H and F are the channel and precoder matrices, x is a vector of data symbols drawn from some lattice-type constellation, such as M-QAM, n is an additive white Gaussian noise vector and y is the received vector. It is assumed that both the transmitter and the receiver have perfect knowledge of the channel matrix H and that the transmitted sig

Let's do the twist: The first twisted bis-amide is obtained by the benzylic oxidation of Tröger's base (TB). Kinetic studies of its acidic hydrolysis reveal that the hydrolysis is to a large extent funneled through doubly protonated species.

Syftet med studien var att explorativt undersöka sambandet mellan social identitet och egen attityd till klimatvänligt beteende och klimatfrågan. Mer specifikt ämnade studien att undersöka huruvida stark identifikation med sju olika sociala identiteter och tillskriven gruppattityd korrelerar med egen attityd. Tvåhundrasextiofyra personer (N=264) deltog i studien genom en digital enkät. Den statistThe aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between social identity and personal attitude towards climate-friendly behaviour and the climate crisis. More specifically, the aim was to investigate whether strong identification with seven different social identities and ascribed group attitude correlates with personal attitude. Two-hundred and sixty-four persons (N=264) participated

Kombinerad bioetanol- och biogas-produktion från vetehalm. Genom ökad torrhalt vid fermentering, samt biogasproduktion från restprodukter, kan lönsamheten för biobränslen att öka. Ökande miljöproblem gällande växthusgaser är ständigt i fokus. År 2007 gav det europeiska parlamentet nya direktiv gällande energipolitiken, där målen var att växthusgaserna i Europa ska reduceras med 20% och att minst 1Currently the production cost of lignocellulosic ethanol is considered to be relatively high. Large fractions of the production cost come from the raw material and the energy consumed in the distillation. Therefore it is desirable to have a process that yields high concentration of ethanol and maximizes the utilization of the biomass. Wheat straw is a promising raw material for lignocellulosic eth

The stability of the Nystrom method for the Muskhelishvili equation on piecewise smooth simple contours Gamma is studied. It is shown that in the space L-2 the method is stable if and only if certain operators A tau(j) from an algebra of Toeplitz operators are invertible. The operators A tau(j) depend on the parameters of the equation considered, on the opening angles theta(j) of the corner points

Problembeskrivning: I retailbranschen, som är en personalintensiv bransch, ställs det allt högre krav på servicen i butiken. Om företaget kan förmedla en upplevelse av hög kvalitet genom bra service skapas lojala och nöjda kunder. Dålig optimering av personal i butiken kan vara kostsamt och ge upphov till dålig service. Syfte och Frågeställningar: Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa vikten av att a

Depicting developmental processes as movements in free energy genetic landscapes is an illustrative tool. However, exploring such landscapes to obtain quantitative or even qualitative predictions is hampered by the lack of free energy functions corresponding to the biochemical Michaelis– Menten or Hill rate equations for the dynamics. Being armed with energy landscapes defined by a network and its