Background: The tuberculin skin test is used for tracing of tuberculosis transmission and identifying individuals in need of prophylactic treatment. Methods: Using a case-control study design, we recruited 220 smear-positive tuberculosis cases and 223 randomly selected healthy community controls in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, during 1999-2000. Tuberculin skin tests were performed on family members of c

The ensemble of regular Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes introduced by Gallager is considered. Using probabilistic arguments a lower bound on the normalized minimum distance is derived. A new code construction, called Chained Gallager codes, is introduced as the combination of two Gallager codes and its error correcting capabilities are studied.

Lately there has been an increasing focus on saving peak power in heating systems as a way to lower the environmental load past just saving energy. At the same time, active cooling is becoming increasingly interesting. Sweden has more and more cooling systems with an increase in cooling also in residential buildings. The cooling power is much more expensive than the heating power. Therefore, there

Background: Omission of prescheduled chemotherapy following surgery for gastric cancer is a frequent clinical problem. This study examined whether laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) had a positive impact on compliance with adjuvant chemotherapy compared with open (OG). Methods: Patients with cT2-4aN0-3M0 adenocarcinoma treated with gastrectomy and perioperative chemotherapy between 2015 and 2020 were i

Arbetet diskuterar olika aspekter av problemorsaker i företags interna och externa miljö. Vidare presenteras en modell som syftar till att vara ett hjälpmedel vid diagnostiseringsprocessen genom att kartlägga de huvudområden där förändringar som kan leda till nedgång inträffar.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur priset på utsläppsrätter påverkar priset på el. Det teoretiska huvudperspektivet utgörs av hur elprisets marginalkostnadsprissättning påverkas av utsläppsrätter. Vår undersökning visar att utsläppsrätterna har en signifikant påverkan på elpriset under den period vi har valt att undersöka. Vår slutsats är att handeln med utsläppsrätter ökar elpriset

We report a case of a patient who suffered generalized urticaria, chest tightness, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and loss of consciousness. Two hours earlier she had taken Eulitop Retard following lunch. She had tolerated all the implicated food after the reaction. Allergy evaluation revealed intense positive responses to intradermal tests with bezafibrate active component and Eulitop R

INTRODUCTION: Sympathomimetic (alpha-adrenergic) drugs are mainly used because of their vasoconstrictor properties, for nasal congestion, or as mydriatics. Although sympathomimetic drugs are used often, allergic reactions are rare, especially when the drugs are administered systemically. Cross-reactivity may exist among catecholamine derivatives, although reported data on this are contradictory. I

According to the United Nations' Human Rights Committee's General Comment 32 on Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial ''is a key element of human rights protection and serves as a procedural means to safeguard the rule of law'' .Human Rights Committee, General Com

The slope is an important distance parameter for a convolutional code. It can be used to obtain a lower bound on the active burst distance and in this respect essentially determines the error-correcting capability of the code. An upper bound on the slope of rate R = b/c convolutional codes is derived. A new family of convolutional codes, called the maximum slope (MS) code family, is introduced. Ta

Hummingbirds are specialized hoverers for which the vortex wake has been described as a series of single vortex rings shed primarily during the downstroke. Recent findings in bats and birds, as well as in a recent study on Anna's hummingbirds, suggest that each wing may shed a discrete vortex ring, yielding a bilaterally paired wake. Here, we describe the presence of two discrete rings in the wake

Background: Embryonic stem cells (ESC) have the capacity to self-renew and remain pluripotent, while continuously providing a source of a variety of differentiated cell types. Understanding what governs these properties at the molecular level is crucial for stem cell biology and its application to regenerative medicine. Of particular relevance is to elucidate those molecular interactions which gov

Comparative studies of corruption focus on the selection and incentives of policymakers. With few exceptions, actors who are in charge of implementing policies have been neglected. This article analyzes an original data set on the bureaucratic features and its effects on corruption in fifty-two countries. Two empirical findings challenge the conventional wisdom in literature. First, certain bureau

The rise in entrepreneurial activity over the last 15 years has created space for a nascent industry among the public and private sectors: Business Support Organization (BSO). In the last years, some BSOs have broadened their offer to include for-profit social ventures. Unlike traditional businesses, these ventures try to create a positive social impact while attempting to be economically self-sus

The Costa Concordia disaster represents one of the most dramatic ship evacuations of recent years. This thesis constitutes a case study of the Costa Concordia disaster, in an attempt to identify behaviors among the evacuees that may have contributed in reducing the effectiveness of the evacuation procedures. Publicly available material – such as reports from the media, survivor accounts and scient

Många företag idag vill göra simuleringar i en dator innan de börjar bygga fysiska prototyper. Fördelen med detta är att det är billigare att simulera produkter än att bygga prototyper, och det går snabbare att göra ändringar.For the modeling language Modelica, there is no standard for the testing of Modelica models. In this thesis we investigate a new way to create and run tests by developing an external test authoring tool. Our tool was developed by first examining existing testing practices, and then trying to improve upon those by iteratively developing our tool. This was done while continuously performing user stu

The State of Palestine is drafting a new constitution to replace a patchwork of foreign and outdated legislation, and to harmonise national law with dozens of ratified international treaties. Since its 2012 ascension from non-member observer ‘entity’ to non-member observer ‘state’ in the UN, Palestine has signed fifty-five multilateral treaties covering a wide range of areas. All treaties have bee

Upplevelsen av Malmö är för mig, och för många andra som inte vuxit upp i staden, en ganska grå stad. Kvarter efter kvarter med tegelhus som före detta arbetarbostäder för de stora industrierna. Stadens bild har ändrats mycket under senare tid och efter att ha bott i staden i några år har jag också fått en mer nyanserad bild av hur många olika ansikten staden har - nya platser, hus och miljöer dykThe image of Malmö is to me, and others that hasn’t grown up in the city, a fairly grey story. Blocks after blocks of brick buildings housing the former workers of the great industries that once were the pillars of the city. The face of the city has changed quite radically in recent years and my personal image of the city has been diversified with new places, buildings and environments, which cons

Inom matematiken är det ofta intressant att studera olika strukturer, deras egenskaper, och hur man bäst representerar dem. Så kallade ideal av ringar är ett välstuderat område, men en liknande klass av strukturer kallad subalgebror är hittills mindre studerade. I denna text ges grundläggande definitioner och satser relaterat till LAGBI baser som sedan används för att klassificera vissa polynomsubIn this text, we study almost monomial subalgebras using LAGBI bases. We introduce the concept of a LAGBI base and present an algorithm for computing them. We then use this algorithm to find, and present in a table, all polynomial subalgebras with Frobenius number smaller than or equal to ten. We then prove that some patterns observed in this table hold. Lastly we give a proof of what properties i