Vi bor i galaxen Vintergatan. En plats som vi kan kalla hemma i ett allt växande universum. Men hur mycket vet vi egentligen om våran galax? Det finns mycket som återstår att upptäcka om våran galax. Ett exempel på någonting som vi inte vet hittas när vi observerar den galaktiska disken. Detta är regionen som expanderar horisontellt från det galaktiska centrumet. Disken är uppdelad i en tunn ochThis paper discusses the effects of different types of contamination on 4MOST stellar spectra. Three main types of contamination were tested. These were, a smooth function over the continuum, changing the H-alpha line, and adding telluric contamination. By knowing how much these experiments affected the generated values, it was possible to understand the importance of avoiding overfitting or under

CFE WP 36 CFE Working paper series No. 36 EUROPEISKA UNGDOMSKAMPANJEN OCH FINLAND Richard Brander Richard Brander, doktorand Nätverket för Europaforskning, Helsingfors universitet, PB 17 FIN-00101 Helsingfors universitet richard.brander@helsinki.fi CFE Working papers are available at the website of the Centre for European Studies www.cfe.lu.se 2 CFE Working paper series No. 36 Richard Brander (f.

https://www.cfe.lu.se/en/sites/cfe.lu.se.en/files/2020-12/cfewp36.pdf - 2025-08-29

De mest framgångsrika planetbildningsmodellerna som forskare jobbar med idag härstammar från en idé som kom fram för nästan 300 års sedan, under 1700-talet. Det var den svenske forskaren Emanuel Swedenborg och den tyske filosofen Immanuel Kant som kom fram med en hypotes som vi idag kallar Solnebulosan. Idén bygger på att solen bildades från ett gigantiskt stoftmoln som kollapsade, på grund av graPlanetary embryos grow by the accretion of solid dust-material, ranging from cm- to m-sized pebbles up to km-sized planetesimals. However, the underlying size-distribution of the accreted material is poorly understood. When the pebbles and planetesimals encounter a protoplanet, they are subjected to the gaseous environment of the protoplanetary envelope. Because of the drag-force from the gas, the

Leukoreduced allogeneic platelet transfusions have been previously shown to initially stimulate an in vitro cellular cytotoxicity and subsequently induce the formation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antidonor alloantibodies. To further characterize these responses and determine if they are related, recipient BALB/c H-2(d) mice were treated with aminoguanidine (AMG), a selective inhibitor of inducible n

Based on the combination of two regular Gallager (Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC)) codes, we will introduce a new code construction, called Chained Gallager codes. Following Gallager’s method we will derive a lower bound on the normalized minimum distance for the ensemble of Chained Gallager codes. Applying this lower bound on the normalized minimum distance to different transmissions schemes with

This paper formalizes the use of integral and differential cumulants for measurements of multiparticle event-by-event transverse momentum fluctuations, rapidity fluctuations, as well as net-charge fluctuations. This enables the introduction of multiparticle balance functions, defined based on differential correlation functions (factorial cumulants), that suppress two- and three-prong resonance dec

This paper takes an initial step in integrating insights from two sets of literature which have focused on central aspects of development with unfortunate independence. It highlights politically valuable resources, which are identified in the political economy literature, and shows that the informal sector literature provides ample evidence that these resources in general are (i) scarcely availabl

Vi har alla varit med om det när vi stått och rört runt med skeden i morgonkaffet. De fantastiska, komplexa mönster som uppträder när grädden blandar sig med det mörka kaffet, efterhand som vi rör runt med skeden. Även om du kanske själv aldrig har reflekterat över det så är den här typen av mixning och blandningsförlopp, komplexa fenomen som studerats av och sysselsatt forskare, vetenskapsmän ochMixing in millimeter scale applications faces completely different challenges compared with the macro scale. A thorough understanding of the physics and mass conservation principles that are affecting the fluid dynamics, are therefore key for development and successful implementation of mixers, in an existing process. Only relying on molecular diffusion for molecules with very low diffusivities ca

The aim of this paper is to specify a theory to explain why transitions to a market economy cause a shift to a higher level of innovation. Marketization increases the power of economic actors relative to political actors, increases inter-firm competition, creates new opportunities for entrepreneurship, and subsequently motivates innovative activity. For our empirical application, we focus on China

There still is a need for devices that allow reproducible stimulation of skin areas of the human body. We constructed a stimulation system and tested it by using brief pneumatic stimulation to the right thumb of nine healthy volunteers. BOLD-signals in response to tactile stimulation with frequencies of 1, 3 and 5 Hz were measured using a 3T MRI scanner. The stimulation device consists of syntheti

A method was developed based on supercritical fluid chromatography for quantitative determination of carotenoids in extracts of Scenedesmus sp. By utilizing the low backpressure in supercritical fluid chromatography, a C18 column and a 2-ethyl pyridine column were coupled in series. It was concluded that even minor changes in temperature had a substantial effect on selectivity. A standard mixture

Varje år sker företagsöverlåtelser för betydande värden. Företagsförvärv kan skapa stora värden, men det innebär även ett risktagande som kan leda till stora ekonomiska förluster. Ett av flera sätt som parterna kan påverka riskfördelningen mellan varandra är genom garantier. Genom att använda sig av formuleringen ”såvitt säljaren vet”, det vill säga en subjektiv garanti, kan säljaren minska det riEvery year mergers and acquisitions of significant value take place. An acquisition can create a large amount of wealth. However, it also involves taking risks, which can create big economic losses. One of many ways that the involved parties can affect the risk distribution between the parties is by using guarantees. By using the wording ”as far as the seller knows”, i.e. a subjective guarantee, t

Alla celler i samma kropp har samma genetiska information lagrad i DNA. Olika delar av den genetiska informationen är lagrade i en otillgänglig form. Vilken del av cellens DNA som är tillgänglig avgör sedan vilken specialisering cellen har. Genom att kontrollera vilken information som används kan man omprogrammera celler, till exempel kan en hudcell bli en hjärncell. En metod för att åstadkomma deAstrocytes are one of the most common types of cells found in the central nervous system, and they play an important supportive role for neurons and other brain cells. In order to obtain astrocytes for medical or experimental purposes, some protocols enable the production of astrocytes from stem cells, but it is of interest to be able to produce astrocytes from fibroblasts, a cell type found in th

We study orthogonal decompositions of complex special linear Lie algebras or, in other words, linear spaces consisting of complex matrices with zero trace. The conjugacy of the component subspaces give rise to change of basis matrices with a particular form that we, for the moment, call "nice". We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for this form, which allows us to characterize o

Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka och kritiskt granska förhållandet mellan den enskildes integritetsintresse av att inte få sina förhållanden till kreditinsti-tut obehörigen röjda och omfattningen av editionsplikten. De två motstående intressena kan ge upphov till frågor om var gränsen för editionsplikten går och vilken utsträckning som den enskildes förhållanden till banker skyddas. I förhållanThe purpose of this essay is to examine and critically review the relation be-tween the individual’s interest of not having its personal circum-stances between him and a credit institution disclosed without authorization and the scope of the duty of disclosure. The two conflicting interests raises questions regarding the limits of the duty to produce documents and to what extent individual banking

Uppsatsen syftar till att utreda möjligheterna att få rättegångskostnader ersatta utifrån ärendelagen. Uppsatsen tillämpar en kritisk rättsdogmatisk metod. Ärendelagen tillämpas på handläggningen av ärenden i allmän domstol där inte rättegångsbalken tillämpas. Ärendelagens tillkomst berodde till stor del på ett behov av en mer flexibel processlag än rättegångsbalken. Ärendelagen har gått från att This essay aims to investigate the possibility of reimbursing legal costs in the ärendelag (no English translation). It applies a critical legal dogmatic method. The so called ärendelag applies to all cases (in Swedish: ärende) in the general courts where the Code of Judicial Procedure does not apply. The ärendelag has evolved from primarily being applied to one party voluntary legal aid to increa