Background: The success of selecting high risk or early-stage Alzheimer’s disease individuals for the delivery of clinical trials depends on the design and the appropriate recruitment of participants. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) show potential for identifying individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our study comprehensively examines AD PRS utility using various methods and models. Method

Many plants have precise pollen placement strategies, ensuring that large amounts of pollen are deposited on small and discrete areas of pollinators' bodies. This may lead to male–male competition if pre-existing pollen (1) is smothered or displaced by pollen from subsequent male flowers or (2) prevents subsequent pollen from attaching to pollinators. We investigated these alternative hypotheses u

Introduction: The physical activity health paradox refers to the contrasting associations of leisure-time physical activity and occupational physical activity with cardiovascular disease, but whether this applies to Type 2 diabetes risk is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the physical activity health paradox and age-specific Type 2 diabetes. Methods: Working adults (N=5,866) in Denmark age

The circular economy has been promoted as a way for corporations to radically improve their resource efficiency and effectiveness by narrowing, slowing, closing and regenerating resource flows. However, the degree of implementation of these circular strategies across different geographies and industries is little understood. We conducted a large-scale survey with senior leaders in large corporatio

The strata encompassing the Permian–Triassic boundary interval capture a pivotal period in Earth's history, with significant changes in Phanerozoic Earth system dynamics, culminating in a severe mass extinction. In carbonate platforms, this boundary is marked by a shift from skeletal to microbial carbonate production. Whereas extensive research has focused on the End-Permian Mass Extinction in ope

This paper studies the impact of truth-telling preferences on aggregate consumer welfare within a priority pricing (PP) mechanism. Traditional models assume individuals always misrepresent private information to maximize payoffs, yet recent evidence suggests there may be an innate preference for truth-telling. By incorporating these preferences into a theoretical framework, I show that PP enhances

Background: Seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR) impacts public health by affecting work productivity and quality of life. The Swedish tree pollen season starts in February with alder and hazel pollination, followed by birch and ends with oak in May. Systemic corticosteroids are often prescribed when topical treatments fail, despite limited evidence supporting their efficacy. Objective: To compare the

The operation of next-generation particle accelerator facilities with increased beam power parameters and emphasis on performance and reliability signifies the need for experimental studies on material property degradation. Literature is particularly scarce regarding the effects of ionizing radiation damage on cavity components at applicable radiation conditions, with even less extant work studyin

We report on recent developments that enable megahertz hard X-ray phase contrast imaging (MHz XPCI) experiments at the Single Particles, Clusters, and Biomolecules and Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument of the European XFEL facility (EuXFEL). We describe the technical implementation of the key components, including an MHz fast camera and a modular indirect X-ray microscope sys

Past results suggest that fear extinction and the return of extinguished fear are compromised in adolescents. However, findings have been inconclusive as there is a lack of fear extinction and extinction retention studies including children, adolescents and adults. In the present study, 36 children (6–9 years), 40 adolescents (13–17 years) and 44 adults (30–40 years), underwent a two-day fear cond

The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of porcine pancreatic enzymes (Creon® pancrelipase) in comparison to microbial-derived alpha amylase (MD amylase) on the small intestine wall structure, mucosal glycogen accumulation, and enterocyte turnover. The impact of enzyme supplementation on the small intestine was explored in 18 pigs with surgically induced exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

It is plausible that in the future synthetic DNA (synDNA) technology could enable the creation of non-viable embryos for research, potentially bypassing ethical objections to embryo experimentation. This article explores how the technology might work, the ethical concerns it might mitigate, and the challenges that remain.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic forced leaders and employees in health care services to take difficult decisions to manage risks associated with employee health and the organizations’ functioning. This study aims to identify the changes in employee working routines, job demands, and job resources within Swedish maternal healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how these changes affected wo

We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of families with heritable TP53-related cancer (hTP53rc) syndrome in Sweden with class 4 and 5 germline TP53 variants (gTP53), and to evaluate the genotype-phenotype correlation. These results were also used to evaluate our previously published phenotype prediction model based on TP53 missense variants and their impact on protein conformation. 90 f

Aging profoundly affects the immune system leading to an increased propensity for inflammation. Age-related dysregulation of immune cells is implicated in the development and progression of numerous age-related diseases such as: cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes. Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, being important players in the inflammatory resp

Background and Aims The long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vs. coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and multivessel disease remain debated. Methods The Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry

Purpose: To evaluate the rate of missed scaphoid fractures on follow-up computed tomography (CT) for suspected occult scaphoid fracture after normal radiography with residual radial-sided wrist pain. Methods: In a retrospective analysis, wrist CT during a five-year period was analyzed. The CT examinations and radiological reports were re-evaluated. Available clinical findings and radiologic follow

Real wages are a convenient, useful, and powerful way to learn how life was like in the past. In this chapter we start by reviewing the methodology behind real wage estimations and their history. Then we look at the how real wages have contributed to shedding light on major issues in economic history such as the onset of modern economic growth, the Great Divergence, and colonialism in the Americas