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In recent years many studies into green solvents have been undertaken and deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as sustainable and green alternatives to conventional solvents since they may be formed from cheap non-toxic organic precursors. In this study we examine amphiphile behaviour in these novel media to test our understanding of amphiphile self-assembly within environments that have an i

To acquire the demand information comprehensively and facilitate demand information reuse, the research of acquisition and expression of user requirements were carried on based on user's cognitive process, ontology and development law of requirements. According to the expression and existing condition of user requirements, the acquisition strategy based on requirements classification was proposed.

Adequate cleavage of von Willebrand factor (VWF) prevents formation of thrombi. ADAMTS13 is the main VWF-cleaving protease and its deficiency results in development of thrombotic microangiopathy. Besides ADAMTS13 other proteases may also possess VWF-cleaving activity, but their physiological importance in preventing thrombus formation is unknown. This study investigated if, and which, proteases co

Complement is activated during Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS). There is evidence of complement activation via the alternative pathway in STEC-HUS patients as well as from in vivo and in vitro models. Ozaki et al. demonstrate activation of the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway in Shiga toxin-treated mice expressing human MBL2, but lacking m

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a highly pathogenic bacterial strain capable of causing watery or bloody diarrhea, the latter termed hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). HUS is defined as the simultaneous development of non-immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. The mechanism by which EHEC bacteria colonize and cause severe colitis, fo

The kidneys are the major organs affected in diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D(+)HUS). The pathophysiology of renal disease in D(+)HUS is largely the result of the interaction between bacterial virulence factors such as Shiga toxin and lipopolysaccharide and host cells in the kidney and in the blood circulation. This chapter describes in detail the current knowledge of how these bac

Nonionic surfactants have broad applications such as cleaning and dispersion stabilization, which frequently are hampered by strong temperature sensitivities. As manifested by clouding and decreased solubility with increasing temperature, the interaction between water and the oligo(oxyethylene) head-groups is becoming less favorable. Different aspects of surfactant self-assembly, like the critical

PURPOSE: To examine the cytokine profile of epithelial cells lining the human urinary tract with the aim of differentiating between the constitutive and disease-related cytokine production in these tissues.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sections from the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder or urethra were obtained from 22 patients undergoing urinary tract surgery and were stained with monoclonal antibodies to i

The plasma cryoprecipitate of two brothers with recurrent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was previously found to mediate increased platelet retention and contain ultra-large von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers during remissions. We conducted this study to examine if vWF is involved in the increased platelet retention in TTP. Platelet retention decreased when the patients' plasma was i

In Bernard-Soulier syndrome, a hereditary bleeding disorder, the platelets are deficient in the glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex, a major receptor for the von Willebrand factor. The components of the complex are encoded by separate genes. Patients with this syndrome have a variable expression level of the receptor protein on platelets depending on the specific genetic abnormality. We describe a p

The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Shiga-like toxin (SLT) in the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) was studied in a mouse model. Mice inoculated intragastrically with Escherichia coli O157:H7 developed gastrointestinal, neurologic, and systemic symptoms, necrotic foci in the colon, glomerular and tubular histopathology, and fragmented erythrocytes. LPS-responder (C3H/HeN) mice

We studied two brothers with recurrent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Platelet retention, measured with a modified Adeplat S glass-bead test, was found to be increased during acute episodes of TTP and during remissions. Values of platelet retention ranged between 57 to 95% (normal range 16 to 34%). The continually elevated values enabled us to investigate which fraction of the patients

Serum and urine cytokines were analyzed in children with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was elevated in the serum of 33 of 35 children with HUS (94%) and in 2 of 2 children with recurrent TTP. Serum IL-6 was higher in children with HUS who developed anuria, extrarenal manifestations during the acute phase of illness and/or chroni

Grapes are culturally a new crop in the Swedish landscape, which demands an introduction period concerning development of knowledge about how to grow the wine. Climate changes together with the development of "cross breeding" in Vitis vinifera open up new possibilities with new grapes, that previously were not possible to grow commercially and that suits the Swedish consumers. Wine production is o

Concrete samples from demolition waste of a former pesticide plant in Sweden were analysed for total contents and leachate concentrations of potentially hazardous inorganic substances, TOC, phenols, as well as for pesticide compounds such as phenoxy acids, chlorophenols and chlorocresols. Leachates were produced by means of modified standard column leaching tests and pH-stat batch tests. Due to el

Despite great efforts, an unambiguous demonstration of entanglement of mobile electrons in solid state conductors is still lacking. Investigating theoretically a generic entangler-detector setup, we here show that a witness of entanglement between two flying electron qubits can be constructed from only two current cross correlation measurements, for any nonzero detector efficiencies and noncollineDespite great efforts, an unambiguous demonstration of entanglement of mobile electrons in solid state conductors is still lacking. Investigating theoretically a generic entangler-detector setup, we here show that a witness of entanglement between two flying electron qubits can be constructed from only two current cross correlation measurements, for any nonzero detector efficiencies and noncolline