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We use X-ray-induced photochemistry, which is well known to cause changes in a number of systems, to reduce Hg(II) to Hg(0) in frozen aqueous solution with added glycerol maintained at 10 K. X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor the extent of the reaction and to characterize the species. An analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of the photochemical product in
The gain and loss of aromaticity plays a key role in organic chemistry and in the prediction of rate‐determining steps. Herein, we explore the concept of aromaticity in photoisomerization reactions. Benzannulated derivatives of the dihydroazulene‐vinylheptafulvene (DHA‐VHF) photoswitch were investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy and time‐dependent density functional theory to elucida
There is no agreement on how to classify, define or diagnose hip-related pain-a common cause of hip and groin pain in young and middle-aged active adults. This complicates the work of clinicians and researchers. The International Hip-related Pain Research Network consensus group met in November 2018 in Zurich aiming to make recommendations on how to classify, define and diagnose hip disease in you
This chapter examines the international networks of some universities in Europe. Contacts between universities and researchers are often made easier by formal organisational links, associations and agreements. The ways of organizing research and higher education vary from country to country. Sweden differs from many of the others in that a greater proportion of the research in progress is conducte
Medieval Europe was characterized by geopolitical disorder and territorial disunion. Around 1500 AD, as the modern era dawned, Europe comprised some 1,500 districts which were largely politically independent. Gradually, medium sized territories emerged around cores made up of cultural, economic, and political centres. The Lake Malar area in Sweden was such a territory; London, Paris, Berlin-Potsda
The tetraneutron has been drawing the attention of the nuclear physics community for decades, but a firm conclusion on its existence and properties is still far from being reached despite many experimental and theoretical efforts. New measurements have recently been performed at RIBF with the SAMURAI spectrometer by applying complementary reaction probes, which will help to pin down the properties
Light kaonic atoms spectroscopy offers the unique opportunity to perform experiments equivalent to scattering at vanishing relative energies. This allows the determination of the antikaon-nucleus interaction at threshold, without the need of extrapolation to zero energy, as in the case of scattering experiments. In this framework, the SIDDHARTA-2 collaboration aims to perform the first measurement
The paper presents a review of the scientific literature on computer modeling of sociotechnical systems. The aim is to briefly review and discuss modeling approaches that are suitable for the simulation of socio-technical systems, specifically in the context of risk and vulnerability analysis of critical infrastructures. It is found that seven main socio-technical modeling approaches can be discer
The non-equilibrium dynamics of electrons and nuclei govern the function of photoactive materials. Disentangling these dynamics remains a critical goal for understanding photoactive materials. Here we investigate the photoinduced dynamics of the [Fe(bmip)2]2+ photosensitizer, where bmip = 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1-ylidine)-pyridine, with simultaneous femtosecond-resolution Fe Kα and Kβ X-ray em
Charge separation dynamics after the absorption of a photon is a fundamental process relevant both for photosynthetic reaction centers and artificial solar conversion devices. It has been proposed that quantum coherence plays a role in the formation of charge carriers in organic photovoltaics, but experimental proofs have been lacking. Here we report experimental evidence of coherence in the charg
The clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia (VaD) is based on imaging criteria, and specific biochemical markers are not available. Here, we investigated the potential of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a secreted glycoprotein that has been suggested as mediating neuronal damage in vascular brain injuries. The study included four independent cohorts with a total n = 472 samples. LCN2
To advance microfluidic integration, we present the use of two-photon additive manufacturing to fold 2D channel layouts into compact free-form 3D fluidic circuits with nanometer precision. We demonstrate this technique by tailoring microfluidic nozzles and mixers for time-resolved structural biology at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). We achieve submicron jets with speeds exceeding 160 m s−1, w
In this study, purified by a newly developed method Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) oil wax esters were mixed with conventional Crambe oil to examine the lubrication characteristics of bio-based wax esters and their blends. The Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) results indicate high thermal stability of wax esters and their mixtures which is further supported by observed small viscosity change with tem
We present recent results on spatially coupled turbolike codes and point out a connection to the self-concatenatedtrellis construction proposed by Loeliger in 1997 [1].
We present the results of dynamic in-situ 3D X-ray imaging of methane hydrates microstructure during methane hydrate formation and dissociation in sand samples. Short scanning times and high resolution provided by synchrotron X-rays allowed for better understanding of water movement and different types of gas-hydrate formation. Complementing previous observations, we conclude that the process of g
The eyelids are susceptible to a number of skin cancers which are challenging to excise radically without sacrificing excessive healthy tissue. The way in which a tumor is delineated preoperatively has not changed significantly over the past century. The aims of the work presented in this thesis were to investigate two novel non-invasive techniques for diagnosing and delineating skin tumors.Extend
Compared to other organisms in which the fatty acyl desaturases (FADs) are mostly involved in normal cellular lipid metabolism, moth FADs have evolved extent functions in the biosynthesis of sex pheromones. Female moths releasespecies-specific sex pheromones to attract conspecific males over a long distance for mating. Moth FADs are key enzymes producing the great diversity of moth sex pheromones.
The so-called “dot-compartment” is conjectured in diffusion MRI to represent small spherical spaces, such as cell bodies, in which the diffusion is restricted in all directions. Previous investigations inferred its existence from data acquired with directional diffusion encoding which does not permit a straightforward separation of signals from ‘sticks’ (axons) and signals from ‘dots’. Here we com
Today our economy is largely based on linear material flows, and many products, such as electronics, furniture,building materials and textiles, are discarded even when they could still be used. Without urgent action, globalwaste is expected to increase by 70% by 2060 and global materials use is expected to more than double. We arestarting to realise that linear material flows are not only a loss o
