Background: The Ethiopian epidemic is currently on the wane. However, the situation for infected children is in some ways lagging behind due to low treatment coverage and deficient prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Too few studies have examined HIV infected children presenting to care in low-income countries in general. Considering the presence of local variations in the nature of the ep

Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of emergency peripartum hysterectomy. Design:Nordic collaborative study. Population605362 deliveries across the five Nordic countries. Methods: We collected data prospectively from patients undergoing emergency peripartum hysterectomy within 7days of delivery from medical birth registers and hospital discharge registers. Control populations cons

The production of heavy-salted cod (Bacalao) has changed from being a single-step process (kench) salting to a multistep procedure varying between producers and countries. Presalting by injection, brining, or pickling is increasingly applied prior to pile (dry) salting. This article describes the effects of different presalting methods (injection and brining, brining only, and pickling) on yield a

We present the first wide-range measurement of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density distribution, for different centralities (the 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-20%, and 20-30% most central events) in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed using the full coverage of the ALICE detectors, -5.0 < eta < 5.5, and employing a special analysis technique based on collis

Activated platelets and neutrophils exacerbate atherosclerosis. Platelets release the chemokines CXCL4, CXCL4L1 and CCL5, whereas myeloperoxidase (MPO) and azurocidin are neutrophil-derived. We investigated whether plasma levels of these platelet and neutrophil mediators are affected by the acute coronary syndrome (ACS), its medical treatment, concomitant clinical or laboratory parameters, and pre

We show that the local electric field distribution of propagating plasmons along silver nanowires can be imaged by coating the nanowires with a layer of quantum dots, held off the surface of the nanowire by a nanoscale dielectric spacer layer. In simple networks of silver nanowires with two optical inputs, control of the optical polarization and phase of the input fields directs the guided waves t

By a combination of surface-sensitive photoelectron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we characterize the surface propensity of the iodide anion in aqueous solutions at acidic, neutral, and basic conditions (pH = 1, 6.8 and 13). In both experiments and simulations, an increased surface concentration of I- is found in non-neutral solutions. We interpret these findings in terms of I-

Aims Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the commonest inherited cause of sudden cardiac death in children; current guidelines suggest HCM screening after 12-15 years of age. The study aims to establish the age range at highest risk. Methods and results Cohort study from six regional centres of paediatric cardiology, including children presenting with sudden death; n = 150 (59% = male; 39% famili

Simple surrogate fuels are needed to model practical fuels, which are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons. The surrogate fuel should match the combustion and emissions behaviour of the target fuel as much as possible. This paper presents experimental results using a wide range of fuels in both the gasoline and diesel auto-ignition range, but of different volatilities and compositions, in a single cyl

Background: The benefits of exercise in mild and moderate knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA) are apparent, but the evidence in severe OA is less clear. We recently reported that neuromuscular training was well tolerated and feasible in patients with severe primary hip or knee OA. The aims of this controlled before-and-after study were to compare baseline status to an age-matched population-based refe

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det finns övertygande bevis för att fysisk inaktivitet ökar såväl sjuklighet som dödlighet när det gäller flertalet av våra vanligaste folksjukdomar. Inaktivitet är den globalt sett fjärde största riskfaktorn och orsak till förtida död, efter högt blodtryck, tobak och högt blodsocker. Enligt WHO:s beräkningar uppgår antalet dödsfall i världen orsakat av inaktivitet tillThe overall aim of this thesis was to estimate health economic consequences of the four-month primary care program ”Physical Activity on Prescription (PAP)”. Inactivity means a highly increased independent risk factor for public health diseases and morbidity, and is an economic burden to society. Evidence for cost effective interventions aiming at increasing physical activity (PA) level among inac

Syftet med denna studie är att analysera hur personal inom socialtjänsten tolkar, definierar och upplever ett behandlingsprojekt, som involverade olika myndigheter, benämnt Motverka Våld och Gäng. Dessutom uppmärksammas hur den intervjuade och observerade personalen uppfattar och kategoriserar de inom projektet anställda samordnarna. De anställda inom socialtjänsten upplever att projektet kommit The aim of this study is to analyze how the Social Services personnel interpret, define and perceive, on the one hand, the project “Motverka Våld och Gäng” meaning “Counteract Violence and Gangs”, and on the other hand the role of the Coordinators employed in this project. Heads of units and Social Secretarys were interviewed, as well as observed and recorded at meetings. The personnel of the Soc

Measurements of direct photon production in p + Pb and p + C collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 17.4 GeV are presented. Upper limits on the direct photon yield as a function of p(T) are derived and compared to the results for Pb + Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 17.3 GeV. The production of the eta meson, which is an important input to the direct photon signal extraction, has been determined in the eta -

The influence on ultrafast demagnetization dynamics of metallic nano-structured gratings deposited on thin films of magnetic Co/Pt multilayers is investigated by the time-resolved optical Kerr effect. Depending on the polarization of the pump pulse, a pronounced enhancement of the demagnetization amplitude is found. Calculation of the inhomogeneous optical field distribution due to plasmon interac

Context. Kinematical data such as the mean velocities and velocity dispersions of stellar samples are useful tools to study galactic structure and evolution. However, observational data are often incomplete (e. g., lacking the radial component of the motion) and may have significant observational errors. For example, the majority of faint stars observed with Gaia will not have their radial velocit

Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) is an important growth factor receptor in hematopoiesis. Gain-of-function mutations of the receptor contribute to the transformation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) is an interaction partner of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl that can regulate receptor tyrosine kinases-mediated signal transduction. In this study, we analyzed the role o

Asteroids and Kuiper belt objects are remnant planetesimals from the epoch of planet formation. The first stage of planet formation is the accumulation of dust and ice grains into mm-cm-sized pebbles. These pebbles can clump together through the streaming instability and form gravitationally bound pebble `clouds'. Pebbles inside such a cloud will undergo mutual collisions, dissipating energy into

The fact that men and women are living longer than they have ever done before is something in which we can all rejoice. However, the process of ageing is associated with changes in skeletal, muscular, gastrointestinal, neural hormonal and metabolic processes that seriously affect an individual's performance and quality of life. Indeed, Such changes can be contributory to a loss of independence in