Based on measurements of mould in 17 attics in the north of Sweden, 3 were chosen as a tentative validation of the MRD-model (Mould Resistance Design) for long periods of time (1961-2012). Comparing the measurements and the results from the simulations showed great differences regarding the mould growth depending on the simplifications used in the model. How the leakage was simulated and where the

A common moisture-related problem in Sweden and other countries, is mold odor indoors. The general perception is that mold odor indicates hazardous hidden mold. However, some grey literature studies indicate that the source of mold odor might not be substantial amounts of mold, but rather chloroanisoles (CAs) which are biomethylated from chlorophenols (CPs) in moist conditions. Products containing

During the last few years, there has been an increased number of overcrowded apartments, due to increased migration but also housing shortage in general, particularly in the suburbs to major cities. The question is how the indoor environment in these apartments is affected by the high number of persons and how the problems related to high residential density can be overcome. This paper aims to spe

Many cities are striving to develop urban transformation strategies, in order to transit from traditional city to a sustainable city. Improving the energy efficiency of the existing buildings is the key to address climate change mitigation and adaptation. This paper considers different climate scenarios using different series of future climate in four different European cities, namely, Kiruna, Sto

As parts of the world continue the work of mitigating the impact of climate change, many countries strive for continued reductions in energy demand from buildings by implementing more stringent building regulations. Consequently, the importance of accurate and efficient building performance simulations to predict the energy use of a building design increases. As observed in earlier studies, there As parts of the world continue the work of mitigating the impact of climate change, many countries strive for continued reductions in energy demand from buildings by implementing more stringent building regulations. Consequently, the importance of accurate and efficient building performance simulations to predict the energy use of a building design increases. As observed in earlier studies, there

As regulations regarding energy use and emissions of CO2 equivalents in buildings become more stringent, the need for more accurate tools and improved methods for predicting these parameters in building performance simulations increases. In the first part of this project, a probabilistic method was applied to the transient energy calculations and evaluated using a case study of a single-family dweAs regulations regarding energy use and emissions of CO2 equivalents in buildings become more stringent, the need for more accurate tools and improved methods for predicting these parameters in building performance simulations increases. In the first part of this project, a probabilistic method was developed and applied to the transient energy calculations and evaluated using a single-family dwell

Designing building form in urban areas is a complicated process that demands considering a high number of influencing parameters. On the other hand, there has been an increasing trend to design highly fenestrated building envelopes for office buildings to induce higher levels of natural lighting into the workspace. This paper presents a novel optimization framework to design high-performance build

Primordial black holes formed through the collapse of cosmological density fluctuations have been hypothesized as contributors to the dark matter content of the Universe. At the same time, their mergers could contribute to the recently observed population of gravitational-wave sources. We investigate the scenario in which primordial black holes form binaries at late times in the Universe. Specific

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) has been increasingly scrutinized as a potential drug target since the elucidation of its role in mediating tumor growth and acquired therapy resistance. Affibody molecules are so-called scaffold proteins with favorable biophysical properties, such as a small size for improved tissue penetration and extravasation, thermal and chemical stability, and

We first present spatially resolved ALMA and VLA continuum observations of the early-M red supergiant Antares to search for the presence of a chromosphere at radio wavelengths. We resolve the free-free emission of the Antares atmosphere at 11 unique wavelengths between 0.7 mm (ALMA band 8) and 10 cm (VLA S band). The projected angular diameter is found to continually increase with increasing wavel

Consensus about contents of voluntariness in informed consent is lacking. Core criteria for voluntary consent are needed to ensure voluntariness. This article outlines the multidimensionality of voluntariness and identifies what could reduce voluntariness, especially in first-in-human clinical trials involving cell therapies. In such trials, truly voluntary consent is especially important because:

We present a detailed study of the composition of 20 M giants in the Galactic center with 15 of them confirmed to be in the nuclear star cluster. As a control sample we have also observed 7 M giants in the Milky Way disk with similar stellar parameters. All 27 stars are observed using the NIRSPEC spectrograph on the KECK II telescope in the K-band at a resolving power of R = 23,000. We report the

Techniques for accurate, robust and efficient over-the-air testing for devices in the next generation communication system are important. This work aims at presenting the use of an aperture calibration technique, through which field values and power density values are reconstructed at an arbitrary plane in the near-field from a measurement of a separate plane for devices operating in 28-60 GHz. Th

A model for interaction between acoustic and elec- tromagnetic waves based on photoelasticity is presented. A radar equation based on physical, geometric and system parameters is shown, as well as a condition for maximizing interaction (equivalent to the Bragg condition in acousto-optics). The photoelastic model is used to implement a multiphysics simulation of the problem. The Bragg condition is

Wireless connectivity is becoming an important feature in cars, which together with recent developments in car design point to the need to accurately predict the performance of real antennas in simulation, to speed up the design cycle. However, it is challenging to accurately represent structurally complex real cars in simulation. This paper proposes a car model simplification approach for designi

Fundamental bounds on antenna and scattering metrics are presented in this paper utilizing volumetric method of moments. This makes it possible to investigate scenarios not solvable with classical surface method of moments which assumes that good conductors as used. One practical example is the study of plasmonic devices whose operation relies on the interaction between material properties and rad

Objectives: To quantify the effect of secondary screening for hip dislocations. Design: Retrospective analysis of hospital files from participants in a prospectively collected nationwide registry. Setting: Child healthcare centres and orthopaedic departments in Sweden. Participants: Of 126 children with hip dislocation diagnosed later than 14 days age in the 2000-2009 birth cohort, 101 had complet

Difficulty in obtaining bone tissue is an obstacle to studying epigenetics to understand gene–environment interactions, and their role in disease pathogenesis. Blood is an obvious alternative and in this proof of principle study, our aim was to systematically investigate whether blood is a viable surrogate for bone. We measured epigenome-wide DNA methylation at 850 K CpG sites in matched trabecula