Atmospheric aerosol particles are involved in several important processes including the formation of clouds and precipitation. A considerable fraction of the ambient aerosol mass consists of organic compounds of both primary and secondary origin. These organic compounds are often semi-volatile and susceptible to oxidation which makes the organic aerosol a dynamic system, both chemically and physic

A remarkable insight into the life of every species Is it true that Penguins stay with the same partner for life? Why do most penguins keep stones in their stomachs? Why is a fat King Penguin male more attractive to the female? Penguins are fascinating animals: they cannot fly, they are awkward on land, but are as agile as fish under water. Their ability to survive in some of the coldest regions o

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen handlar om den aspekt av människans självbild, eller självet, som på engelska kallas possible selves, och som på svenska skulle kunna kallas "möjliga själv" (en etablerad svensk översättning saknas). Detta är framtidsföreställningar eller framtidsbilder där vi ser oss själva i framtida situationer eller tillstånd, och teorin om möjliga själv presenterades fPossible selves are conceptions or images of ourselves in future states or situations. The theory about possible selves used in the present thesis was developed in a social cognitive tradition of research on the self, where the self is seen as a knowledge structure (Markus & Nurius, 1986). Possible selves are parts of this knowledge structure and possible selves are of importance for motivatio

Popular Abstract in Swedish Liksom du och jag, måste växter andas för att kunna leva. Med hjälp av luftens syre förbränns näring i form av bl a kolhydrater och fetter till koldioxid. Den energi som avges vid förbränningen omvandlas till ATP, som är cellens bränsle. Den huvudsakliga produktionen av ATP sker i den del av cellen som kallas mitokondrien, cellens kraftverk. Vän av ordning kliar sig nu In addition to proton-pumping complex I, the plant respiratory chain contains type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases. These extra enzymes do not pump protons and consequently do not contribute to the electrochemical proton gradient. Database screening of the Arabidopsis genome identified seven type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase homologues of which two and four genes were closely related to potato (Solanum tube

In this paper, we derive an Expectation-Maximization algorithm for hidden Markov models (HMMs) with a multivariate Rayleigh mixture model (RMM) in each state. We compare the use of multivariate RMMs to multivariate Gaussian mixture models in the general case where the HMM is a dynamic model and for the special case where it has a single state and reduces to a static model. We evaluate the proposed

To be able to guarantee service quality end-to-end Quality of Service has to be deployed. This thesis addresses the problems with applying QoS end-to-end over today’s Internet. A rather pessimistic conclusion states that QoS over Internet is hard (impossible?) to realize without introducing virtual circuits or similar. The concept of flows and label switching is introduced. Some QoS techniques are

Gesture-based interaction constitutes a new paradigm in human-machine interaction. The possibility to control a technical system with gestures on surfaces or in mid air makes it possible to design user interfaces that go beyond the WIMP paradigm (Windows Icons Menus and Pointers), the dominating interaction paradigm since the 1970's. After mainly having been of interest in the human-computer inter

The pattern of linearly polarized light in the sky can be used for orientation behavior by many insects. Although such behavioral responses have been well described in bees and ants over several decades, until recently it remained largely elusive how polarized-light information is processed in the insect brain. However, over the last decade, substantial advances in understanding polarized- light p

A straightforward gradient expansion of the exchange energy of a perturbed electron gas is performed. Studied perturbations range from very weak to those that produce, e.g., a silicon-like band structure with a band gap. The expansions involve density gradients up to fourth degree and we include all terms originating in linear- and second-order response theory. The expansion reproduces exactly cal