This chapter is an effort to explore the challenges related to establishing civil liability for independent activities for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) and discusses how these challenges can be addressed in a manner that maintains the balance of interests implied by existing legal mechanisms. The chapter concludes that existing legal mechanisms are insufficient. They fail to recognise

Robots, which were seen as gimmicks in science fiction stories until not so long ago, have already crossed into reality. Thanks to the ever-growing autonomy of robots and ever-expanding variety of roles assigned to them, they are becoming more integrated into the ordinary course of everyday life. With the advent of social robots that can engage human beings on personal levels, for the first time,

It is unclear how ammonia is transported by proteins from the Amt/Mep/Rh superfamily. We investigated this for the ammonium transporter TaAMT1;1 from wheat expressed in Xenopus oocytes by two-electrode voltage clamp and radio-labeled uptakes. Inward currents were activated by NH +4 or methylammonium ions (MeA+). Importantly, currents increased fivefold when the external pH was decreased from 7.

Abstract We test a novel, stochastic model of osmotic water transport in aquaporins. A solute molecule present at the pore mouth can either be reflected or permeate the pore. We assume that only reflected solute molecules induce osmotic transport of water through the pore, while permeating solute molecules give rise to no water transport. Accordingly, the rate of water transport is proportional to

Aquaporin (AQP) facilitated water transport is common to virtually all cell membranes and is marked by almost perfect specificity and high flux rates. Simultaneously, protons and cations are strictly excluded to maintain ionic transmembrane gradients. Yet, the AQP cation filters have not been identified experimentally. We report that three point mutations turned the water-specific AQP1 into a prot

In plants, 14-3-3 proteins are key regulators of primary metabolism and membrane transport. Although the current dogma states that 14-3-3 isoforms are not very specific with regard to target proteins, recent data suggest that the specificity may be high. Therefore, identification and characterization of all 14-3-3 (GF14) isoforms in the model plant Arabidopsis are important. Using the information

Protein crystallization is key to determining the structure of proteins at atomic resolution. It can occur naturally, including in pathological pathways, for instance with aquaporin and γ-crystallin proteins. A fundamental understanding of the underlying crystallization process is both technologically and biologically relevant. A multitechnique approach is employed here to investigate protein crys

The course of this thesis takes its starting point from a question inspired by the work of architect and artist Allan Wexler; How can one create a building that emanates from one’s subconscious? Wexler states that he aims to create buildings in the same manner as a potter throws a pot on a wheel, without hesitation, in a kind of stream of consciousness fashion. The question about the subconscious

En allt större del av vår befolkning består av äldre, som också blir allt äldre. Samtidigt har antalet platser på vårdboenden minskat med 25 % sedan millennieskiftet. Detta innebär att fler kommer behöva åldras i hemmet, något som sedan länge varit en stor del av den svenska äldrepolitiken i form av kvarboendeprincipen. Huruvida vi kommer klara av den demografiska förändringen ligger till stor del

Bathing has long been a part of human his tory, not only as a hygienic practice, but as a social, cultural and therapeutic ritual. Across different cultures and climates, communal bathing has offered moments of connec tion, reflection and restoration. In Iceland, this tradition continues through natural hot springs and public pools, where water be comes both a physical and emotional resource.

Detta examensarbete introducerar ett nytt förslag på användning av nedlagda skolor, fabrikslokaler, vårdinstitutioner, och andra övergivna anläggningar som står tomma runt om på Sveriges landsbygd. Behovet av funktioner dessa byggnader en gång var ämnade för saknar idag efterfrågan och jag vill lyfta potentialen sådana platser kan ha för särskilda användningsområden, i jämförelse med att bygga nytThis thesis introduces a new proposal for the reuse of abandoned schools, industrial buildings, care institutions, and other vacant facilities scattered across rural Sweden. The functions these buildings once served are no longer in use, and I aim to highlight the potential these places may hold for specific new uses, as an alternative to constructing new buildings. With consideration of a current

When discussing urban planning and design, the focus often shifts toward large, overcrowded cities that require continuous improvements to remain competitive on the global economic map. However, smaller cities, while not classified as major metropolises, also play a significant role in urban development. These cities accommodate thousands of residents and have maintained their stability over the y

Background: Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), an eosinophil granule protein, is a candidate biomarker in asthma to reflect eosinophilic activation. Objective: We sought to characterize the distribution of serum and nasal lavage fluid (NLF) EDN levels in different adult population subgroups and assess the determinants of high EDN levels. Methods: Serum and NLF samples were collected from a popul