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Semiconductor eco-materials for water treatment

In the current chapter two semiconductor materials are being assessed as ecomaterials of choice for key applications in the water business. Ultraviolet lightemitting diodes, UV-LEDs, based on III-Nitride ultraviolet emitters like GaN, InGaN, and AlGaN and semiconductor oxides like TiO 2 , ZnO, or WO 3 can be used as eco-materials for disinfection and pollutant removal in water, respectively. Lo

Thermal design and performance prediction of a shell condenser for closed-cycle underwater vehicles

The shell condenser is a key component for the underwater vehicles. To study its heat transfer performance and flow characteristics and to design a more efficient structure, a mathematical model is generated to simulate condensation inside the straight and helical channels. The model combines empirical correlations and MATLAB based on an iterative algorithm. Here, quality is used as a sign of the

Impact of water drop presence on diffusion parameters of PEFC gas diffusion layers

A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) produces electrical energy thanks to the electrochemical reaction carried out inside the cell. During the energy conversion, water molecules are also produced in the cathode side and this can affect the diffusion parameters of the gas diffusion layers (GDLs). The generated water-drops due to the reaction may block the reactant gases and produce material oxida

In-situ heat treatment study on the nanocrystalline Cr 2 O 3 film using an environmental scanning electron microscope

In this work, the surface morphology changes of nanocrystalline Cr 2 O 3 film deposited on Si wafer during the heating process were observed in-situ by means of an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The Cr 2 O 3 film cracked at high temperature due to the cause of thermal stress; the corresponding crack area percentages on the film surface were real-time evaluated using image

Iodo-oxyapatite, the first example from a new class of modulated apatites

Iodo-oxyapatite [pentadecacalcium iodide oxide nonaphosphate, Ca15(PO4)9IO] was synthesized by a flux method and the structure was solved from single-crystal X-ray data. The crystal structure was refined in the space group P63/m [a = 9.567 (1), c = 20.754 (2) Å and Z = 2] to wR on F of 0.0459. Iodo-oxyapatite has a typical hexagonal apatite structure but the unit cell is tripled along the hexad ow

The origin of the distorted close-packed elemental structure of indium

Why does indium adopt a tetragonally distorted fcc structure, and not a fcc structure like its lighter homologue aluminum? This question has puzzled chemists and physicists for a long time, and has now been addressed by means of ab initio full-potential calculations in the framework of density functional theory. It was found that the different tendency of aluminum and indium to form s-p hybridized

On the first incommensurate ordering of NH4Cu7-xS4

The first incommensurate ordering of NH4Cu7-xS4 (x = 0.16) has been investigated using X-ray single crystal diffraction at 174 K. The modulated structure is described with monoclinic symmetry with the cell parameters a = 10.272 (angstrom), b = 10.272 (angstrom), c = 7.694 (angstrom) and β=90.0°. It belongs to the four-dimensional space group P:P2/n:-11 {conventional setting P:P2/b:-11 (no. 13.1)}.

Growing and Characterizing Biofilms Formed by Streptococcus pneumoniae

It is estimated that over 80% of bacterial infections are associated with biofilm formation. Biofilms are organized bacterial communities formed on abiotic surfaces, such as implanted or inserted medical devices, or on biological surfaces, such as epithelial linings and mucosal surfaces. Biofilm growth is advantageous for the bacterial organism as it protects the bacteria from antimicrobial host f

Tracing livelihood trajectories : Patterns of livelihood adaptations in rural communities in eastern Nepal

Mountain communities are adapting their livelihoods to a complex combination of social, political and economic changes and associated risks. Despite recognition of adaption in response to multiple changes in sustainable livelihood and critical climate change literature, risks attributed to biophysical effects of climate change have increasingly assumed importance. Consequently, diversification is

Gendered consequences of mobility for adaptation in small island developing states : Case studies from Maafushi and Kudafari in the Maldives

In recent years island communities have actively adapted in response to a complex combination of changes that has shaped life on the islands, and this has had gendered consequences. The gender ramifications of adaptation on islands are still largely neglected in adaptation policies, although they are increasingly being addressed in the scientific literature. Understanding gendered consequences is

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During the communist dictatorship, police and detectivistic literature was an amphibious species, and had to hide rather than to embrace courageous assumptions. In the multilateral developed socialism (for communism has never been reached), criminals and criminals were urgently annihilated and then exposed to public atrocities. All the strategy based on the propaganda for the ideological success,

Prediction and Comparison of Shell Condensers with Straight or Helical Channels for Underwater Vehicles

The shell condenser is one of the key components of underwater vehicles. To study its thermal performance and to design a more efficient structure, a computational model is generated to simulate condensation inside straight and helical channels. The model combines empirical correlations and a MATLAB-based iterative algorithm. The vapor quality is used as a sign of the degree of condensation. Three

Testing the dependence of microbial growth and carbon use efficiency on nitrogen availability, pH, and organic matter quality

Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), or the partitioning of assimilated C into growth or respiration, is a key parameter that is central to understanding the soil C cycle and its feedback to environmental and climate change. The availability of nitrogen (N), organic matter (OM) quality and environmental factors influence CUE indirectly by affecting growth rates and respiration of the major micro

Here today, gone tomorrow: The organization of temporary retailscapes and the creation of frenzy shopping

The aim of this paper is to explore, conceptualize, and critically discuss how the temporary retail site of the pop-up store works towards inciting consumers to buy products which have previously been discarded. Drawing on, and developing, the concept of the retailscape, we use empirical material from an ethnographic study to show how the temporal retailscape of the pop-up store is assembled, and