A homologous series of chiral bis-ketals and mixed hemiketal-ketals with rigid bicyclo[3.3.1]-3,7-dioxanonane skeleton has been prepared. The crystallization mode (conglomerate or racemic compound) was established by chiral HPLC with double UV/polarimetric detection. The study of the solid-state structure by single crystal X-ray diffraction disclosed interesting CH ... pi intermolecular interactio

Context: This paper analyses a sub-contractor specification in the mobile handset domain. Objective: The objective is to understand how quality requirements are specified and which types of requirements exist in a requirements specification from industry. Method: The case study is performed in the mobile handset domain, where a requirements specification was analyzed by categorizing and characteri

In recent years, smog has become one of greatest challenges in China and many other countries. However, there are limited attentions of measuring public environment awareness of air pollution and the relations between public environmental awareness and smog prevention in a Chinese context. This study was designed to investigate the facts of public environmental awareness in a typical city of China

Objective To estimate the cardiovascular mortality among persons with bipolar disorder in Sweden compared to the general population. Design Population register-based cohort study with a 20-year follow-up. Setting Sweden. Participants The entire population of Sweden (n=10.6 million) of whom 17101 persons were diagnosed with bipolar disorder between 1987 and 2006. Main outcome measures Mortality rat

Resting stages (e.g. cysts) play an important role in the life history and ecology of phytoplankton, e.g. the survival, reproduction, genetic recombination, and dispersal of many species. Marine dinoflagellates cysts have been intensively studied by both geologists and biologists, but freshwater cysts have received less attention. There are approximately 350 freshwater dinoflagellate species, and

Geometry-based stochastic channel models (GSCMs) are extended to support multi-link simulations by applying the concept of common clusters. This novel approach aims to control the correlation between different links, inter-link correlation, by adjusting the amount of power simultaneously propagating via the same clusters in the different links. The behavior of common clusters is analyzed based on

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common malignant disorder in childhood, is typically associated with numerical chromosomal aberrations, fusion genes or small focal deletions, thought to represent important pathogenetic events in the development of the leukemia. Mutations, such as single nucleotide changes, have also been reported in childhood ALL, but these have only been studied by s

An attempt to develop a tool based on analysis of the air void system in concrete for an early assessment of salt frost scaling resistance of concrete is presented. Relations between the air void system parameters and scaling are discussed. A new technique based on the accumulated surface area of all air voids is presented. This is a short description of the project. The full report is available

Background. Randomized trials have shown that icodextrin reduces the volume of extra-cellular fluid (ECFv) with variable effects on residual renal function. To explore this fluid shift and its possible mechanisms in more detail, prospectively collected data from one such trial, including measures of inflammation (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-a, albumin and low and high molecular weigh

BACKGROUND: For reasons that remain unclear, surgery for Graves' disease is associated with a higher risk of hypocalcemia than surgery for benign atoxic goiter. In the present study, we evaluated risk factors for postoperative hypocalcemia in patients undergoing operation for Graves' disease. METHODS: Data from 1,157 patients who underwent operation for Graves' disease between 2004 and 2008 were

A single-echelon inventory system with continuous review and Poisson demand is considered. There are standard linear holding and backorder costs but no ordering or set-up costs. We study a change in the lead-time, which is rather typical in connection with application of a Just-In-Time philosophy. Our main focus is a lead-time decrease but we also consider a lead-time increase. Due to the lead-tim

Inflammatory processes have previously been shown to influence cognition and progression of dementia. An involvement of interleukin (IL)-6 has in particular been suggested as altered levels of IL-6 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been found in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also, an association between cognitive decline and levels of IL-6 in CSF have been reported. The aim of the presen

This report is the outcome of Part I of a research project entitled An EPR system and new business models to in- crease reuse and recycling of textiles in the Nordic region. The overall aim of the project is to propose policy packages in Nordic countries which would support extended producer responsibility (EPR) systems and innovative business models which promote greater reuse and recycling of us