Fibrotic scar tissue limits central nervous system regeneration in adult mammals. The extent of fibrotic tissue generation and distribution of stromal cells across different lesions in the brain and spinal cord has not been systematically investigated in mice and humans. Furthermore, it is unknown whether scar-forming stromal cells have the same origin throughout the central nervous system and in

Finding ways to use limited resources to reach ambitious visions, what we call strategizing, is always a challenge. Possibly, the challenge is greater in public sector organizations aiming to fulfil a political vision for a future society. It is more challenging because public services have many and varied stakeholders and institutional arrangements and deliver different kinds of services and prod

The transformation of aldose-based carbohydrates into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) is very challenging as compared to ketose-based carbohydrates, but the formers are more abundant and cheaper. Here, a series of sulfated complex metal oxides were synthesized for the conversion of aldose-based mono-, di-, and poly-saccharides, as well as starchy food waste into EMF. The catalysts were carefully char

This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book argues that a vision can make explicit values and priorities in an organization. It elaborates on the use of strategic cost management and how it can be used, not solely but in connection with other more qualitative data. The book discusses performance management. It elaborates o

Trees have the potential to improve urban air quality as leaves and needles capture air pollutants from the air, but further empirical data has been requested to quantify these effects. We measured the concentration of 32 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in leaves of pin oak (Quercus palustris) and needles of black pine (Pinus nigra) in the City of Gothenburg, Sweden, during the summer of 2

The oxidation of copper is essential for several fields, such as corrosion, catalytic methanol synthesis, and CO2 electroreduction. However, the understanding of the oxidation of copper under various conditions is not complete. Here, we study the oxidation of the vicinal Cu(911) surface by O2 with in-situ Surface X-ray Diffraction. It was found that the surface facets to (410), (401), and (100) wh

Stereo 3D video from surgical procedures can be highly valuable for medical education and improve clinical communication. But access to the operating room and the surgical field is restricted. It is a sterile environment, and the physical space is crowded with surgical staff and technical equipment. In this setting, unobscured capture and realistic reproduction of the surgical procedures are diffi

Background: The Out of Africa hypothesis, OOAH, was challenged recently in an extended mtDNA analysis, PPA (Progressive Phylogenetic Analysis), that identified the African human populations as paraphyletic, a finding that contradicted the common OOAH understanding that Hss had originated in Africa and invaded Eurasia from there. The results were consistent with the molecular Out of Eurasia hypothe

Ferredoxins are single-electron carrier proteins involved in various cellular reactions. In chloroplasts, the most abundant ferredoxin accepts electrons from photosystem I and shuttles electrons via ferredoxin NADPþ oxidoreductase to generate NADPH or directly to ferredoxin dependent enzymes. In addition, plants contain other isoforms of ferredoxins. Two of these, named FdC1 and FdC2 in Arabidopsi

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the association between overweight and outcome in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. We searched PubMed and Embase using variations of the search terms triple-negative breast cancer (population), overweight and/or obesity (exposure), and prognosis (outcome). Based on the World Health Organization guidelines for defining o

Sky survey telescopes and powerful targeted telescopes play complementary roles in astronomy. In order to investigate the nature and characteristics of the motions of very faint objects, a flexibly-pointed instrument capable of high astrometric accuracy is an ideal complement to current astrometric surveys and a unique tool for precision astrophysics. Such a space-based mission will push the front

This paper is Part II of a series of articles focusing on the disintegration of a cylindrical (Ø=0.60 mm diameter) water jet in a quiescent atmosphere, from Rayleigh to early atomization breakup regimes. Liquid fluorescence high-speed imaging is used here, instead of shadowgraphy, providing a more faithful representation of liquid jet breakup dynamics as described in Part I (Roth et al., 2021). Us

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Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common infectious diseases in the world. It is becoming increasingly tough to treat because of emergence of antibiotic resistance. So, there is an exigency to develop novel anti-virulence therapeutics to combat multi-drug resistance pathogenic strains. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) discovery has revolutionized the gen

This paper reports an approach to interpolate planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) images of CH2O between consecutive experimental data by means of computational imaging realized with convolutional neural network (CNN). Such a deep learning based method can achieve higher temporal resolution for 2D visualization of intermediate species in combustion based on high-speed experimental images. The

Increasing global light pollution1,2 threatens the night-time darkness to which most animals are adapted. Light pollution can have detrimental effects on behavior,3–5 including by disrupting the journeys of migratory birds,5,6 sand hoppers,7–9 and moths.10 This is particularly concerning, since many night-active species rely on compass information in the sky, including the moon,11,12 the skylight

During hematopoietic development, definitive hematopoietic cells are derived from hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells through a process known as endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). During EHT, transitioning cells proliferate and undergo progressive changes in gene expression culminating in the new cell identity with corresponding changes in function, phenotype and morphology. However, the

Nutritional stability – a food system’s capacity to provide sufficient nutrients despite disturbance – is an important, yet challenging to measure outcome of diversified agriculture. Using 55 years of data across 184 countries, we assemble 22,000 bipartite crop-nutrient networks to quantify nutritional stability by simulating crop and nutrient loss in a country, and assess its relationship to crop

Potassium (K) is one of the main and most hazardous trace species released to the gas-phase during thermochemical conversion of biomass. Accurate experimental data and models of K release are needed to better understand the chemistry involved. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is used for simultaneous real-time in situ measurements of gas-phase atomic K, water (H2O) and gas tempe