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We formulate two simple benchmark problems for event-based control, where the optimal solutions in the continuous-time setting turn out to be ordinary PI and PID controllers. The benchmarks can be used to compare the performance of continuous-time, discrete-time, and various event-based controllers with regard to for instance disturbance attenuation, control effort, and average sampling or actuati
Background High parity has been suggested to increase risk of maternal cardiovascular disease independent of body mass index measured after childbearing. Pregnancy is, however, associated with persistent weight gain and metabolic changes that, independent of parity, increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It could therefore be questioned if high parity independently increases the risk of card
Multi-dimensional harmonic retrieval (HR) in white noise is required in numerous applications such as channel estimation in wireless communications and imaging in multiple-input multiple-output radar. In this paper, we propose two R-dimensional (R -D) extensions of the subspace-based MUSIC model order selection scheme, for R≥2R≥2, to detect the number of multi-dimensional cisoids. The key idea in Multi-dimensional harmonic retrieval (HR) in white noise is required in numerous applications such as channel estimation in wireless communications and imaging in multiple-input multiple-output radar. In this paper, we propose two R-dimensional (R -D) extensions of the subspace-based MUSIC model order selection scheme, for R≥2R≥2, to detect the number of multi-dimensional cisoids. The key idea in
Given its high specificity, the use of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy allows for a reliable identification and quantification of substances containing quadrupolar nuclei, such as the 14N nucleus prevalent in many explosives, medicines, and narcotics. Regrettably, the measured signals are typically weak and suffers from interference signals often being several orders of magnitude s
Many state-of-the-art multichannel speech enhancement methods rely on second-order statistics of the desired speech signal, the noise signal, or both. Estimation of those are difficult in practice, resulting in a practical performance that is typically much lower than their potential theoretical performance. We propose two multichannel enhancement techniques that instead rely on a model for voiced
In this work, we introduce a computationally efficient multi-pitch estimation algorithm making use of an approximative frequency domain reformulation of a recent block-sparse multi-pitch estimator. Different to most other pitch estimators, the proposed method does not require a prior knowledge of the number of sources present, nor the number of overtones of each such source. Evaluated on measured
Socioeconomic status-related factors have been associated with access to kidney transplantation, yet few studies have investigated both individual income and education as determinates of access to kidney transplantation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of both individual income and education on access to kidney transplantation, controlling for both medical and non-medical factors
Alternative methods for accurate in vitro assessment of skin and respiratory sensitizers are urgently needed. Sensitization is a complex biological process that cannot be evaluated accurately using single events or biomarkers, since the information content is too restricted in these measurements. On the contrary, if the tremendous information content harbored in DNA/mRNA could be mined, most compl
Objective: To investigate the association between occupation and risk for sick leave or disability pension due to knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA) from a sex perspective. Methods: We conducted a population-based study including residents ages 40–70 years in the Skåne region, Sweden (2007) and working in the included job sectors (n = 165,179). We retrieved data on cause-specific sick leave and disab
HR 8799 is a star accompanied by four massive planets on wide orbits. The observed planetary configuration has been shown to be unstable on a timescale much shorter than the estimated age of the system (~30 Myr) unless the planets are locked into mean motion resonances. This condition is characterised by small-amplitude libration of one or more resonant angles that stabilise the system by preventi
Following the recent discovery of the first radial velocity planet in a star still possessing a protoplanetary disc (CI Tau), we examine the origin of the planet's eccentricity (e ~0.3). We show through long time-scale (10^5 orbits) simulations that the planetary eccentricity can be pumped by the disc, even when its local surface density is well below the threshold previously derived from short ti
Validated planet candidates need not lie on long-term stable orbits, and instability triggered by post-main-sequence stellar evolution can generate architectures which transport rocky material to white dwarfs, hence polluting them. The giant planet HD 131399Ab orbits its parent A star at a projected separation of about 50-100 au. The host star, HD 131399A, is part of a hierarchical triple with HD
Background: People with disabilities have the right to personal mobility and available and affordable assistive technology, according to the Convention of Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The aims were to investigate similarities and differences between Sierra Leone and Malawi concerning participants’ mobility and satisfaction with their lower-limb prosthetic or orthotic device and related ser
The objective is to provide an overview of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). Focus will be on the history of the ENP and its goals, the institutional structure of the ENP, and the policy measures that have been carried out through the ENP. The evolution of the ENP is traced from its origins in a 2003 European Commission communication to the broad and multifaceted policy that it is nowadays.
We consider a type of optimal switching problems with non-uniform execution delays and ramping. Such problems frequently occur in the operation of economical and engineering systems. We first provide a solution to the problem by applying a probabilistic method. The main contribution is, however, a scheme for approximating the optimal control by limiting the information in the state-feedback. In a
Introduction: The pulsatility indices of the umbilical and uterine arteries are used as the surrogate measures of utero-placental perfusion. Combining the two might simplify the evaluation of total placental vascular impedance, possibly improve prediction of adverse outcomes, and help identify pregnancies with suspected fetal growth restriction that need more intense surveillance. Material and met
In the day-to-day operation of a power system, the system operator repeatedly solves short-term generation planning problems. When formulating these problems the operators have to weigh the risk of costly failures against increased production costs. The resulting problems are often high-dimensional and various approximations have been suggested in the literature. In this article we formulate the
Abstract: The diagnostic work up of dementia may benefit from structured reporting of CT and/or MRI and the use of standardised visual rating scales. We advocate a more widespread use of standardised scales as part of the workflow in clinical and research evaluation of dementia. We propose routine clinical use of rating scales for medial temporal atrophy (MTA), global cortical atrophy (GCA) and wh
