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The evolutionary dynamics of diurnal Aletis moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae) in the Afrotropics have been obscured by their allopatric distributions, significant inter- and intraspecific variation in adult and caterpillar phenotypes, and involvement in complex mimicry systems. Extensive phenotypic disparity, alongside conserved genital morphology and a lack of suitable material for gen
Letters are the primitives of reading expertise. Single letter recognition relies on a hierarchy of processing stages, in which early visual features gradually evolve into abstract letter representations, but the temporal organization of these stages remains poorly understood. To address it, we applied multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to electroencephalography (EEG) data recorded while adult r
We describe an experimental setup for non-linear interaction and propagation of ultrashort and intense x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses in a dense gas. It allows one to provide high, but adjustable, target-gas pressures of up to 6 bar within a vacuum environment of 3∙10− 3 mbar or better. The setup enables investigation of intense x-ray propagation in an optically thick medium with minimal
Genetic variation in immune genes is an important component of genetic diversity. The genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) provide an excellent model system for studying the mechanisms that generate and maintain genetic diversity in natural populations. While both demographic factors and pathogen-mediated selection processes contribute to the extreme diversity observed in the MHC sy
The spectrum of frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD/ALS) and Huntington disease (HD) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders with no major disease-modifying therapies. Recent work has shown that the hallmark pathological proteins TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) in FTD/ALS and mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in HD may be interlinked. Furthermore, these disorders share early
BACKGROUND: – Proteins linked to heritable coronary heart disease (CHD) could uncover new pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis. We report on the protein profile associated with a family history of early-onset CHD and whether the relation between proteins and coronary atherosclerotic burden differs according to family history status, as well as inferences from Mendelian randomization. M
Background: There are two conceptually different surgical treatment options for patients with T1 colorectal cancer (CRC): radical surgical resection and local resection. In addition, adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in cases with lymph node metastases. However, surgical overtreatment of early CRC is a concern and may be related to limitations in preoperative work-up as well as tumour risk clas
Rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are extremely heterogeneous. Although biomarkers for amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau proteins, the hallmark AD pathologies, have improved pathology-based diagnosis, they explain only 20–40% of the variance in AD-related cognitive impairment (CI). To discover novel biomarkers of CI in AD, we performed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics on 3,397 ind
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a growing global burden. Current pharmacological therapies remain limited to symptomatic management, owning to an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms driving α‑synuclein aggregation and disease progression. This review provides an integrated overview of PD across epidemiological, etiological, pathophysiological, and c
Background: Virtual imaging trials (VITs) are in silico studies that simulate medical imaging and disease processes, offering a cost-effective and reproducible addition to traditional imaging trials. While VITs are well established in breast imaging, most existing implementations simulate imaging based on static anatomical models, capturing only a single time point. This limits their ability to st
Perceiving appreciation at work has positive individual and organizational outcomes. Managers in particular are attributed with responsibility to communicate appreciation to employees and to support cultivating an appreciative working environment. This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of managers’ communication responsibility based on qualitative diaries conducted in five European countr
Background: Surviving sudden cardiac arrest often lead to long-term cognitive, emotional, and physical consequences. Although clinical guidelines recommend structured post-cardiac arrest follow-up, such follow-up is often lacking or inconsistent. Tailored digital interventions are scarce but may help address gaps in follow-up resources. The CARDIS trial evaluates the effects on patient-reported ouBackground: Surviving sudden cardiac arrest often lead to long-term cognitive, emotional, and physical consequences. Although clinical guidelines recommend structured post-cardiac arrest follow-up, such follow-up is often lacking or inconsistent. Tailored digital interventions are scarce but may help address gaps in follow-up resources. The CARDIS trial evaluates the effects on patient-reported ou
With the increasing prevalence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in global aquatic environments, their potential ecotoxicological and health impacts have become a major concern in environmental science. Slow sand filtration (SSF) is widely recognized for its low energy demand, ecological compatibility, and operational stability; however, its efficiency in removing small or neutrally bu
Background People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) need life-long rehabilitative interventions to slow disease progression and reduce impact of the disease on daily life activities. To be sustainable for the individual, activities should have a positive impact on physical, cognitive and mental health, and should be appealing and meaningful. Aim To quantitatively evaluate the health-related effects of
Background and aims: Gynoid fat (hip-thigh subcutaneous adiposity) is metabolically favorable, yet its genetic architecture and impact on liver diseases are unknown. We aimed to identify genetic determinants of gynoid tissue fat percentage (GTFP) and explore their clinical implications to liver disease. Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 37,385 European individuals fro
BackgroundOsteocalcin is a bone-specific protein involving many physiological processes, primarily bone turnover. Also closely related to the musculoskeletal system is the frailty syndrome.AimTo investigate if circulating osteocalcin levels and frailty are associated in the old, and in addition, if the presumed association is mediated through alterations in bone.Methods999 community-dwelling women
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to reduce liver fat compared to saturated fat, but effects of a novel “anti-lipogenic” diet replacing carbohydrates with PUFA (LCPUFA) or a low-fat healthy Nordic diet (HND) rich in whole-grains are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of these diets, as compared with usual care (UC), on liver fat (primary outcome) a
Context. The chemical abundances of alpha elements in Galactic Centre (GC) supergiants provide key insights into the chemical enrichment and star formation history of the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster. Previous studies have reported enhanced alpha-element abundances, which raises questions about the chemical evolution of this unique region. Aims. We aim to reassess the alpha-element abundances
