Sex differences in lifespan are ubiquitous across the tree of life and exhibit broad taxonomic patterns that remain a puzzle, such as males living longer than females in birds and vice versa in mammals. The prevailing unguarded X hypothesis explains sex differences in lifespan by differential expression of recessive mutations on the X or Z chromosome of the heterogametic sex, but has only received

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed attention to the conflicting demands placed on caregivers worldwide. Nowhere is this more evident than in South Asia, where cultural norms and a scarcity of long-term care facilities have made the home the locus of caregiving for individuals with brain health conditions and disabilities. A hidden cost of this informal arrangement is the burden experien

BACKGROUND: The relation between blood pressure and kidney cancer risk is well established but complex and different study designs have reported discrepant findings on the relative importance of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). In this study, we sought to describe the temporal relation between diastolic and SBP with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk in detail.METHODS

During 2014–2016, Sweden received almost 300,000 people seeking protection. Politically, this asylum reception has been presented as a “crisis”, and a threat to the welfare system as well as Swedish culture. At the same time, many argue that immigration contributes to society's prosperity, both culturally and economically. The aim of this ethnographic study is to examine how problems are formulate

Flame front structure is one of the most fundamental characteristics and, hence, vital for understanding combustion processes. Measuring flame front structure in turbulent flames usually needs laser-based diagnostic techniques, mostly planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). The equipment of PLIF, burdened with lasers, is often too sophisticated to be configured in harsh environments. Here, to sh

This paper describes the Bárány Society Classification OverSight Committee (COSC) position on Cervical Dizziness, sometimes referred to as Cervical Vertigo. This involved an initial review by a group of experts across a broad range of fields, and then subsequent review by the Bárány Society COSC. Based upon the so far published literature, the Bárány Society COSC takes the view that the evidence s

We present a trajectory tracking controller for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) configured on SU(2) × R3, and relate this result to a family of geometric tracking controllers on SO(3) × R3. The theoretical results are verified in several simulation examples, and the controller is subsequently implemented in practice and integrated with a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) syste

Background: Several biochemical markers in blood correlate with the magnitude of brain injury and may be used to predict neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. We present a protocol for the evaluation of prognostic accuracy of brain injury markers after cardiac arrest. The aim is to define the best predictive marker and to establish clinically useful cut-off levels for routine implementation.

Background: In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), younger symptom onset is associated accelerated cognitive decline and tau spreading, yet the drivers of faster disease manifestation in patients with earlier symptom onset are unknown. Earlier symptom onset is associated with stronger tau pathology in fronto-parietal regions which typically harbor globally connected hubs that are central for cognition. Sinc

Framgången och kostnaderna för infrastrukturprojekt beror till stor del på tillförlitlig karakterisering av undermarken. Speciellt är information om grundvattnet avgörande för att skydda grundvattenresurserna och för att undvika stabilitetsproblem. För att fastställa de hydrogeologiska egenskaperna genomförs borrningar följt av hydrauliska tester som är tillförlitliga men dyra, och det ger endast The success and costs of infrastructure projects largely depend on reliable characterization of the subsoil, where information on groundwater is essential to protect groundwater resources and to avoid stability problems. To determine the hydrogeological characteristics, drilling is carried out followed by hydraulic tests which are reliable but expensive and provide limited information which, in so

Background: Pathological aggregation of tar DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in the brain is the primary cause of many cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). It is therefore imperative to establish empirical staging systems to characterize and distinguish stereotypical patterns and commo

People with kidney disease are disproportionately affected by atherosclerosis for unclear reasons. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is an immune-derived mediator of kidney disease, levels of which are strongly associated with cardiovascular outcomes. We assessed suPAR’s pathogenic involvement in atherosclerosis using epidemiologic, genetic, and experimental approaches. We f