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Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) comprise around 75% of all dopaminergic neurons in the human brain. While both groups of dopaminergic neurons are in close proximity in the midbrain and partially overlap, development, function, and impairments in these two classes of neurons are highly diverse. The molecular and cellular mechani
High-latitude vegetation experience different temperatures than the ambient air temperature. While lacking a regional plant temperature product, we drove the dynamic ecosystem model, LPJ-GUESS, with widely used ERA5-land surface temperature (Tsurf, at radiative equilibrium) and air temperature to understand ecosystem process responses to these two temperatures. We show that tundra plants' growth i
Despite the rapid development of urban tourism, it was for a long time seen as a neglected field in tourism studies, which tended to focus on resorts and rural destinations. Cities were generally viewed as the generating, not receiving, parts of the tourist system. This lack of interest was matched by a similar disinterest of tourism in urban studies. One reason for this was the difficulty to defi
Med utgångspunkt i en etnografisk studie av den ideella gemenskapen Anonyma Narkomaner (NA) i Sverige och en genealogisk analys av NA:s beroendebegrepp undersöker denna studie varför personer som använder droger på sätt som anses olämpliga samtidigt betraktas som både klandervärda och oskyldiga.Studien använder begreppet den globala drogmoralen för att benämna de principer som styr när, var, hur oBased on an ethnographic study of Narcotics Anonymous (NA) in Sweden and a genealogical study of NA’s concept of addiction, this study examines why people who use drugs in ways that are considered inappropriate are simultaneously recognised as culpable and innocent.The study introduces the concept of the global drug ethic to represent the principles about when, where, how, and who ought and ought
Pediatric chronic pain is common and frequently results in reduced wellbeing and functioning. Limited knowledge among health care professionals has motivated a national care program for pediatric chronic pain to increase the standard of care for this group. Emphasizing a biopsychosocial approach, treatment should focus on self-management of pain and distress to increase resilience, functioning and
Introduction: The adverse health effects of sugar-sweetened beverage intake are well-established, but the implications of overall added sugar intake remain unclear. We investigated the associations between intake of added sugar and various sugar-sweetened foods and beverages and risk of 7 cardiovascular diseases in 69,705 participants aged 45–83 years (47.2% female) from the Swedish Mammography co
Over recent decades, management of people with hemophilia (PwH) has been greatly improved by scientific advances that have resulted in a rich and varied therapeutic landscape. Nevertheless, treatment limitations continue to drive innovation, and emerging options have the potential to realize further improvement. We advocate four general principles to optimize benefits from innovation: individualiz
Objective: The concept of proportionate and disproportionate functional mitral regurgitation suggests that transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral repair may benefit patients with a smaller left ventricle relative to a higher regurgitant burden. The clinical relevance of proportionality remains unknown in mitral operations for ischemic mitral regurgitation. We aimed to characterize the association betwe
This paper aims to provide an overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on control engineering education worldwide. The authors, who are educators in the control education field from various countries across all continents, first summarize their experiences to present a global perspective on the different solutions adopted in control education during the pandemic. Afterwards, collected infor
Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common hematological malignancy with highly variable clinical presentation. Many patients never require any treatment but for the others, chemotherapy, immunochemotherapy, and newer targeted therapies have changed the treatment landscape. Diagnostic age influences the applied treatment, and we thus wanted to analyze age-specific survival trends t
Background: Periampullary diverticulum (PAD) is commonly encountered in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures. Objectives: We sought to determine whether PADs are associated with a lower success rate of cannulation and an increased risk of adverse events. Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using prospectively gathered nationwide registry data. Methods: Us
Background: The Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11) is a commonly used instrument for measuring self-rated occupational balance. It needs further development, and therefore an additional 11 tentative items have been developed. One aspect of this is studying the interpretations and reasoning of people responding to the items/instrument. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe
The market for home deliveries of food and groceries has been growing in the last years, and with it so have the associated environmental impacts: emissions from the delivery routes, energy for the cold chain and packaging waste are some of the main concerns. The purpose of this paper is to contribute with knowledge to support the development and implementation of circular retail supply chains, wi
Travel and tourism have become an increasingly important sociocultural and economic phenomena in the contemporary globalized world. As an arena in which people and businesses from different countries come into contact, tourism operates within the framework of particular spatial patterns and is closely bound up with issues of foreign policy, international relations, public policy and the exercise o
Background: The rising incidence of melanoma and the high number of benign lesions excised due to diagnostic uncertainty highlight the need for effective patient triage. This study assesses the safety and accuracy of teledermoscopic triage on a high-prevalence case set with pre-triaged, challenging, melanoma-suspicious lesions. Methods: Five dermatologists independently reviewed 250 retrospectivel
Background: Screen time among children and adolescents has increased dramatically, raising concerns about its impact on development and mental health. While research highlights both potential benefits and risks, excessive use has been linked to issues like anxiety, depression, and gaming addiction. Despite growing concern, effective interventions are scarce. Recognizing the importance of family dy
Crystallization-induced stress within confined spaces of porous materials presents significant challenges across various disciplines, including conservation science, geomorphology, geotechnical engineering, and concrete durability. Despite its significance, understanding how localized, transient, and anisotropic stress is generated in pores due to salt crystallization, along with its mechanisms of
