In many high-income countries, severe perinatal trauma (SPT), affecting the anal sphincter muscle complex, has been on the rise over the last decade. However, effective strategies to prevent SPT are scarce. In randomized controlled trials, only perineal warm compresses and massage have shown benefit. Other cohort studies have shown that prevention models involving several components can decrease t

Background: Pain at sexual activity induced by an inguinal hernia or as a cause of its repair is not thoroughly studied. Reported frequencies are between 25% and 30% preoperatively and 10% and 15% postoperatively. The primary aim was to analyze pain at sexual activity at 1 year comparing total extraperitoneal with Lichtenstein repair in a randomized setting. Methods: Men, 30 to 60 years old, with

Primitive, neonatal and adult erythroid cells have been previously shown to have an active pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) that fuels various processes. However, it is unclear whether the PPP plays a role during the emergence of erythroid progenitors from hemogenic endothelium (HE). In this study, we explored PPP and its genetic regulation in developmental erythropoiesis. We induced hematopoietic

A combination of a MEK/ERK-signaling inhibitor and three chromatin-remodeling molecules enhances generation of platelet-producing megakaryocytes in vitro, possibly through direct reprogramming.

Background: Intermediate care is often defined as healthcare occurring somewhere between traditional primary (community) and secondary (hospital) care settings. High quality intermediate care is important in dementia, may prevent caregiver burnout and also lead to optimal care for people with dementia. However, very little is known about the point of intermediate care for persons with dementia in

The human pathogen Haemophilus influenzae causes respiratory tract infections and is commonly associated with prolonged carriage in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is a ubiquitous phenomenon observed in Gram-negative bacteria including H. influenzae. OMVs play an important role in various interactions with the human host; from neutr

Bacteria regulate FtsZ protein levels through transcriptional and translational mechanisms for proper cell division. A cis-antisense RNA, StfZ, produced from the ftsA-ftsZ intergenic region, was proposed to regulate FtsZ level in Escherichia coli. However, its structural identity remained unknown. In this study, we determined the complete sequence of StfZ and identified the isoforms and its promot

Ungefär hälften av ­människans klimatavtryck kan kopplas till vårt slit-och-släng-samhälle. En åberopad lösning är en övergång till cirkulär ekonomi – men dit är det långt kvar. Under tiden växer avfallsmängderna, inte minst från elektronikhandeln, som pekas ut som ett särskilt bekymmer.

Despite a large number of studies, out of all drivers of radiative forcing, the effect of aerosols has the largest uncertainty in global climate model radiative forcing estimates. There have been studies of aerosol optical properties in climate models, but the effects of particle number size distribution need a more thorough inspection. We investigated the trends and seasonality of particle number

We study resonant two-photon ionization of helium atoms via the 1s3p, 1s4p and 1s5p1P1 states using the 15th harmonic of a titanium-sapphire laser for the excitation and a weak fraction of the laser field for the ionization. The phase of the photoelectron wavepackets is measured by an attosecond interferometric technique, using the 17th harmonic. We perform experiments with angular resolution usin

We have studied a method for making microbial cells transparent by immersing them in a solution with a high refractive index (RI). When the RI of the solution was matching that of the cells, light scattering was greatly diminished (by a factor of up to about 100) and the cell suspension became transparent, facilitating the spectrophotometric determination of intracellular compounds such as hemoglo

The aim was to study the potential effect of neighborhood deprivation on incident and fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with bipolar disorder. This was a nationwide cohort study which included all adults aged 30 years or older with bipolar disorder (n = 61,114) in Sweden (1997–2017). The association between neighborhood deprivation and the outcomes was explored using Cox regression an

Breathing exposes lung cells to continual mechanical stimuli, which is part of the microenvironmental signals directing cellular functions together with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, developing systems that incorporate both stimuli is urgent to fully understand cell behavior. This study aims to introduce a novel in vitro culture methodology combining a cyclic stretch that simulates in

Background Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), phenotype PiZZ, is a risk factor for pulmonary emphysema and liver disease, but its effect on cancer risk is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the risk and the risk factors for incident cancer in PiZZ individuals compared with the general population with known smoking habits. Methods A longitudinal study of PiZZ individuals (n=1595) from the

The branching ratio of the K+→π+e+e-e+e- (K+→π+4e) decay is calculated at leading order in the Standard Model. The dominance of the neutral-pion pole determines the overall branching ratio to be B(K+→π+4e)=B(K+→π+π0)B(π0→4e)≈7.0(3)×10-6. The significance of this contribution is very much concentrated in the context of the whole available phase space, throughout most of which the one-photon-exchang

When putting semiotics and phenomenology in juxtaposition, the first task necessarily is to find out what a study of meaning, conceiving of itself as an empirical science, has to do with a philosophical school, the business of which it is to secure the epistemological foundations of all the sciences (broadly understood). Our answer, in short (but we will go at some length to show it), is that sinc

Butyrate, a by-product of gut bacteria fermentation as well as the digestion of fat in mother’s milk, exerts a wide spectrum of beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tissues. The present study aimed to determine the effects of sodium butyrate on small intestine contractility in neonatal piglets. Piglets were fed milk formula alone (group C) or milk formula supplemented with sodium butyrate (g