The thesis aims to explain to the development of the European Court of Justice into a constitutional court. The transformation of ECJ into a de facto constitutional court is studied using three perspectives, constitutionalism, neofunctionalism and by a judicial activism perspective. By using the three mentioned theories it’s made possible to understand the court’s development from a political and

The purpose of this thesis is to inspect the very foundations of the preventive war, in form of its moral justification. In terms of exploring that fairness, the War on terror will be used for challenging the matter of justification as well as demonstrating a new and transformed way of referring to preventive aggression, as have been done by the Bush-administration since September 11. The methods

The development of a security policy for Europe has been a long and arduous process, which bore fruit first at the end of the 20th century. What are the drivers behind this remarkable endeavour aimed at creating a policy regarding the defense of the European Union? This thesis sets out to examine the effect of events on the shaping of the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP), basing its the

In this paper the relationship of territorial autonomy and civil war duration is explained. Going against the often used treatment of autonomy as a conflict-solving mechanism the author argues that the granting of territorial autonomy to a certain group actually can prolong armed conflicts. Building upon data from UCDP’s conflict termination dataset and QoG time-series data, a wide dataset contain

Abstract To consider judicial institutions free from any form of political capability is to ignore theories such as judicialization which have described the process and/or ability to secure political needs through judicial procedures. Judicial institutions can thus be regarded as having both judicial and political power. This power can be described through the concept of discipline, which entail

The biopolitical agenda hosts some of the most heated debates in the current political situation. Despite the fact that it is a field of growing relevance for society, few have heard of the ideologies and idéas that constitute biopolitics. This might be explained by the insight that biopolitics is still breaking relatively new political ground. As we slowly progress towards the future, the import

Medier hjälper till att befästa, skapa och reproducera de diskurser som finns i samhället. Det är ingen tvekan att vi blir påverkade av det vi ser i media. Livsstilsmagasinen för kvinnor är många men har sin utformning och sitt liknande innehåll gemensamt. Sex och relationer är ett ämne som förekommer i stor utsträckning i dessa livsstilsmagasin. De ses ofta som något roande att läsa om olika sex-

This case study considers what appears to be a political convergence in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. Four political transitions that have occurred in all three countries are studied: the military coups of 1964, 1973 and 1976, the transitions back to democracy, the implementations of liberal economic reforms, and the recent turns leftwards. Three different types of explanations are presented, ea

The future of our planet is in our hands. It is now determined that human activity has caused climate change on planet earth. The rapidly approaching consequences of climate change can have devastating effects to human and environmental life. Until the change of power in the White House in 2008 not much was done to prevent the climate change on a federal level in the U.S. In the summer of 2009 the

The aim of this study is examine the problems with human trafficking of women for sexual exploration in Kosovo. More specifically, to understand how current human trafficking legislation is being upheld by responsible institutions. International reports have pointed that the judiciary system and law enforcement lack implementation skills. Offenders and clients have not been prosecuted according to

The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how the theory of collective efficacy can be used to increase our understanding of why boys and young men attack the police and construct fires in arson attacks under riot like circumstances in the subarea Herrgården of Rosengård in the city of Malmö, Sweden. The theory is applied through a comparative case study where a total of 62 interviews were perf

Distinctive new features of the Egyptian bureaucracy have followed the process of economic liberalization and privatization that began in 1991. The Egyptian bureaucracy is excessively large and suffers from inefficiencies and low capacity, but dealing with prioritized policy areas, such as privatization, experts have been recruited to so called “Technical Offices” that are closely tied to the cabi

Den här studien är ett examensarbete inom medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap på kandidatnivå vid enheten för Medie – och kommunikationsvetenskap vid Lunds universitet. Materialet består av ett strategiskt urval av 17 tidningsartiklar ur svensk morgon- och kvällspress under perioden 24 november till 6 december 2009. Undersökningen syfte är att beskriva hur rapporteringen av Grisskandalen, vilken br

This is a study about the new supplement in the Swedish law of discrimination; Transgender identity or expression, means that someone does not identify herself or himself as a woman or a man or expresses by their manner of dressing or in some other way that they belong to another sex. The purpose with this essay is to discover different perspective to understand the new supplement. The research qu

This paper investigates the reasons to why the size of welfare systems varies among countries. The main contribution is that, contrary to most other papers on the topic, developing countries have been included in the analysis. Drawing on cross-sectional data from 85 countries my main conclusion is that ethnic fragmentation has a significant negative impact on the size of welfare systems, as propos

This essay is a study of dimensionality in Danish politics based on statements in the election manifestos from the elections to the Folketing (The National Parliament of Denmark)1998-2007 from Socialdemokraterne (The Social Democrats), Det Radikale Venstre (The Social Liberals), Det Konservative Folkeparti (The Conservative People’s Party), Socialistisk Folkeparti (The Socialist People’s Party), D

A concern about the democratic legitimacy of the European Union is a frequent topic when discussing European integration. How can democratic principles be withheld when political power is delegated from the nation-state to a supranational level? Can democracy be secured beyond the nation-state? This thesis derives from a deliberative perspective, which emphasises the need for debate in democratic

Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur traditionella PR-byråer och moderna PR-byråer ser på kommunikationsteknologins utveckling. Fokus är inriktat på sociala medier eftersom det är en stor del av teknologins utveckling och PR-branschens kommunikation. Uppsatsens teorier används som verktyg för analyskapitlet och består av kommunikationsteorier, PR-branschens historia

Har Ni, på semester eller i yrkeslivet, varit i kontakt och kommunicerat med personer från en annan kultur, och upplevt att språkförbistringar inte riktigt räcker till att förklara varför ni inte förstår varandra? Troligen har det rört sig om olika kommunikationssystem, som vart och ett präglas av den kulturella identitet man har. Antingen som en konstruktion av ens lokala eller nationella identit

Varje år kommer det barn och ungdomar till Sverige från krigshärjade länder runt om i världen. De flyr sina hemland pågrund av förtryck och våld i hopp om att starta ett nytt liv utan ständig oro för sina liv. Migrationsverket visar att 24 000 människor sökte asyl i Sverige under 2009, av dessa var 27 % barn och ungdomar. I Sverige får dessa barn och ungdomar en möjlighet att gå i skolan och lära