The magnetic map hypothesis proposes that animals can use spatial gradients in the Earth's magnetic field to help determine geographic location. This ability would permit true navigation--reaching a goal from an entirely unfamiliar site with no goal-emanating cues to assist. It is a highly contentious hypothesis since the geomagnetic field fluctuates in time and spatial gradients may be disturbed

Although an autonomous mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is useful in many scenarios, a MANET connected to the Internet is more desirable. This interconnection is achieved by using gateways, which act as bridges between a MANET and the Internet. Before a mobile node can communicate with an Internet host it needs to find a route to a gateway. Thus, a gateway discovery mechanism is required. In this pap

Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1 Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facil

The application of scattering methods in the study of biological and biomedical problems is a field of research that is currently experiencing fast growth. In particular, neutron reflectometry (NR) is a technique that is becoming progressively more widespread, as indicated by the current commissioning of several new reflectometers worldwide. NR is valuable for the characterization of biomolecules

Group B Neisseria meningitidis is a human pathogen, for which a universally effective vaccine is still not available. Immune responses to bacteria are initiated by dendritic cells (DC), which internalize and process bacterial antigens for presentation to T cells. We show here that optimal IL-12 and TNF-alpha production by human monocyte derived DC in response to killed serogroup B N. meningitidis

We consider the stability problem of the solitary wave solutions of a completely integrable equation that arises as a model for the unidirectional propagation of shallow water waves. We prove that the solitary waves possess the spectral properties of solitons and that their shapes are stable under small disturbances.

Open interviews with 13 fathers were performed, using a hermeneutic phenomenological method, to illuminate their lived experience of caring for their preterm infant. Their lived experience was expressed as a process moving from initial feelings of distance toward feelings of proximity. The process was described as a pendulum that was easily disturbed. Feelings of distance included experiences of l

Clinical physiologists in Sweden are physicians (the majority with a PhD degree) with thorough training in system physiology and pathophysiology. They investigate patients in a functional approach and are engaged in basic and applied physiology teaching and research. In 1954, clinical physiology was founded as an independent academic and clinical discipline by the Swedish government to ensure "con

Abstract in UndeterminedThe success of the Wii and of the iPhone together with the persisting problem of displaying information on the small screens of mobile devices is currently pushing the development of non-visual interaction channels such as gestures, tactile/haptic interaction and sound. This development presents both potential and risk, since new channels of interaction may result either in

This study reports effects on soil solution chemistry and plant uptake of 55 elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sr, Tb, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr) by raising the pH using addition of fine-grained precipitated calcium carbonate at 20 rates (yiel

This paper examines the small-sample performance of several information based criteria that can be employed to facilitate data dependent endogeneity correction in estimation of cointegrated panel regressions. The Monte Carlo evidence suggests that the criteria generally perform well but that there are differences of practical importance. In particular, the evidence suggests that, although the esti

The aim of this study was to characterize the reversible cerebral uptake of morphine in the pig by measuring the changing arterio-venous plasma concentration gradient over the brain. Seven pigs were anaesthetized by continuous infusions of ketamine and pancuronium and ventilated with oxygen in nitrous oxide. During and after 5-min intravenous infusions of morphine hydrochloride, blood samples were

A total of 2261 (808 male, 1453 female) consecutive patients attending contact dermatitis clinics were patch tested to isoeugenol and its derivatives listed in the EU Inventory of Fragrance Ingredients. Positive reactions were found to isoeugenol in 40, transisoeugenol in 40, isoeugenyl acetate in 19, isoeugenyl benzoate in 4, isoeugenyl phenylacetate in 16, isoeugenyl methyl ether in 6 and benzyl

The purpose of this paper is to present some recent advances in the study of water waves with vorticity and surface tension. These are periodic, two-dimensional waves over a flat bottom and the surface profiles are symmetric and monotone between crest and trough. The proofs rely on bifurcation theory.

Aims/hypothesis Impaired beta cell function is the hallmark of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and MODY. In addition, women with MODY gene mutations often present with GDM, but it is not known whether common variants in MODY genes contribute to GDM. Subjects and methods We genotyped five common variants in the glucokinase (GCK, commonly known as MODY2), hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-α (HNF1A, co

Three variants in the caspase recruitment domain 15/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (CARD15/NOD2) gene have been shown to be associated with Crohn's disease (CD). There is a strong support for shared genetic determinants between various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In particular, linkage of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been reported

The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater-containing phenol was investigated using three-phase three-dimensional electrode reactor. Special attention was paid to experimentally probe the performance of the reactor in COD removal in the process of repeated batch runs. The experimental results showed that the reactor could remove COD from phenol-containing wastewater much more effi