Introduction: The inspiratory flow pattern influences CO2 elimination by affecting the time the tidal volume remains resident in alveoli. This time is expressed in terms of mean distribution time (MDT), which is the time available for distribution and diffusion of inspired tidal gas within resident alveolar gas. In healthy and sick pigs, abrupt cessation of inspiratory flow (that is, high end-insp

Aim This study investigates inter-annual variability in burnt area in southern Africa and the extent to which climate is responsible for this variation. We compare data from long-term field sites across the region with remotely sensed burnt area data to test whether it is possible to develop a general model. Location Africa south of the equator. Methods Linear mixed effects models were used to det

The amyloid cascade hypothesis on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) states that amyloid beta (A beta) accumulation in the brain is a key factor that initiates the neurodegenerative process. A beta is generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) through sequential cleavages by BACE1 (the major beta-secretase in the brain) and gamma-secretase. The purpose of this study was to characteri

A QM/MM investigation of the active-ready (Hox) form of [FeFe]-hydrogenase from D. desulfuricans, in which the electronic properties of all Fe-S clusters (H, F and F') have been simultaneously described using DFT, was carried out with the aim of disclosing a possible interplay between the H-cluster and the accessory iron-sulfur clusters in the initial steps of the catalytic process leading to H2 f

This paper analyses the potential, barriers and limitations for regional innovation policy to facilitate industrial renewal in old industrial regions. It draws on a case analysis of the policy programme ‘Biorefinery of the Future’ geared to promote renewal of the forest industry in Northern Sweden. It is shown that infusion of radical emergent technology is necessary for new regional path developm

The marsh zones of Sunderban coast were examined for modern benthic marsh foraminiferal assemblages and correlated with the typical mangrove vegetation. A total of 14 genera of foraminifera and 8 genera of mangrove plants were recorded from the region. The assemblage is characterised by agglutinated and calcareous foraminifera. The high, middle and low marshes are identified on the basis of positi

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the impact of tax differentials and agglomeration economies on foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper departs from most previous work on FDI and tax competition in a number of ways. First, it incorporates several measures of agglomeration in order to investigate whether agglomeration economies mitigate the downward spiral in tax rates. As the streng

The concept ‘adult education’ is usually restricted to organisations where the cultural and societal development of the participants is emphasised. The title of this paper suggests that vocational education and training, too, has been important in adult education. In this paper, the opportunities for adults in Sweden in vocational education and training in the period 1918-1968 are explored with a

Macroporous sponge-like gelatin-fibrinogen (Gl-Fg) scaffolds cross-linked with different concentrations (0.05-0.5%) of glutaraldehyde (GA) were produced using cryogelation technology, which allows for the preparation of highly porous scaffolds without compromising their mechanical properties, and is a more cost-efficient process than freeze-drying. The produced Gl-Fg-GA(X) scaffolds had a uniform

Phenotypic divergence in allopatry can facilitate speciation by reducing the likelihood that individuals of different lineages hybridise during secondary contact. However, few studies have established the causes of reproductive isolation in the crucial early stages of secondary contact. Here we establish behavioural causes of assortative reproduction between two phenotypically divergent lineages o

Earth's lithosphere probably experienced an evolution towards the modern plate tectonic regime, owing to secular changes in mantle temperature(1,2). Radiogenic isotope variations are interpreted as evidence for the declining rates of continental crustal growth over time(3-5), with some estimates suggesting that over 70% of the present continental crustal reservoir was extracted by the end of the A

Despite an increasingly growth of professional guidelines, textbooks and research about ethics in health care, awareness about ethics in Danish physiotherapy private practice seen vague. This article explores how physiotherapists in Danish private practice, from an ethical perspective, perceive to practice physiotherapy. The empirical data consists of interviews with twenty-one physiotherapists. T

In this paper, volume-average relations related to the multilevel modelling process in continuum mechanics are analysed and the concept of average consistency is investigated both analytically and numerically. These volume averages are used in the computational homogenization technique, where a transition of the mechanical properties from the local, microscopic, to the global, macroscopic, length

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become one of the most useful techniques in molecular biology laboratories around the world. The purification of the target DNA product is, however, often challenging and most users are restricted to employing available commercial kits. The recent developments in mixed-mode chromatography have shown higher selectivity for a variety of nucleic acids containin

Two cultivation steps were used for production of biomass and ectoine by Halomonas boliviensis, respectively. The optimization of some nutrient parameters in each step was investigated by using response surface methodology. Twenty and 12 experiments were performed to attain optimal conditions for biomass and ectoine production, respectively. The model predicted a maximum biomass concentration of 3

The filamentous bacteria Streptomyces grow by tip extension and through the initiation of new branches, and this apical growth is directed by a polarisome-like complex involving the essential polarity protein DivIVA. New branch sites must be marked de novo and, until recently, there was no understanding of how these new sites are selected. Equally, hyphal branching patterns are affected by environ

Lung cancer, COPD and cardiovascular diseases are highlighted as some of the most common disease that cause mortality, and for that reason are the most active areas for drug development. This perspective paper overviews the urgent need to develop a health care system for a rapidly growing patient population in Japan, including forthcoming demands on clinical care, expecting outcomes, and economics

Daily rain series from southern Sweden with records dating back to the 1870s have been analysed to investigate the trends of daily and multi-day precipitation of different return periods with emphasis on the extremes. Probabilities of extreme storms were determined as continuously changing values based on 25 years of data. An extra set of data was used to investigate changes in Skane, the southern

Plasma cholesterol lowering (PCL) slows and sometimes prevents progression of atherosclerosis and may even lead to regression. Little is known about how molecular processes in the atherosclerotic arterial wall respond to PCL and modify responses to atherosclerosis regression. We studied atherosclerosis regression and global gene expression responses to PCL (≥80%) and to atherosclerosis regression