A robot has to visit all nodes and traverse all edges of an unknown undirected connected graph, using as few edge traversals as possible. The quality of an exploration algorithm A is measured by comparing its cost (number of edge traversals) to that of the optimal algorithm having full knowledge of the graph. The ratio between these costs, maximized over all starting nodes in the graph and over al

The Einstein equations (EE) are certain conditions on the Riemann tensor on the real Minkowski space M. In the twistor picture, after complexification and compactification M becomes the Grassmannian Gr(2)(4) of 2-dimensional subspaces in the 4-dimensional complex one. Here we answer for which of the classical domains considered as manifolds with G-structure it is possible to impose conditions simi

Members of the membrane-associated proteins in the eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG) superfamily have been subjected to two-dimensional crystallization experiments. A common denominator for successful attempts has been the use of a low lipid/protein ratio in the range of 1-9 (mol/mol). Electron crystallography demonstrated either hexagonal or orthorhombic packing of trimeric protein un

Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films with a variety of microstructures were deposited using a large area conventional DC magnetron sputtering system for flat panel displays manufacturing. Highly uniform ITO films with an average thickness of ∼100 ± 3 nm on the ∼0.6 m2 substrate area were obtained. Film structures with small amounts of crystalline sites were produced by room temperature deposition, an

We report on low-temperature transport measurements on single and double quantum dots defined using local gates to electrostatically deplete InAs nanowires grown by chemical beam epitaxy. This technique allows us to define multiple quantum dots along a semiconducting nanowire and tune the coupling between them.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling innehåller fyra empiriska makroekonomiska uppsatser och dessa kan kortfattat summeras som följer. I den första uppsatsen används såväl deskriptiv statistik som regressionsanalys och jag undersöker om förändringar i real växelkurs och/eller penningutbud före och under fiskala kontraktioner påverkar det makroekonomiska utfallet. Den deskriptiva analysen bThis thesis contains four empirical macroeconomic studies and the papers may briefly be summarized as follows. In the first paper, we use both descriptive statistics and regression analysis to investigate whether movements in real exchange rates and money supply before and during fiscal contractions matter for the macroeconomic outcome. First we define fiscal contraction. Second, we label the cont

Liksom Kathryn Coleman beskriver historikerkollegan Alexander MacGregor arbetet som rådgivare på Ridley Scotts film Gladiator (2000).

Objectives: To evaluate costs, benefits, and cost effectiveness of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor treatment over one year in routine clinical practice. Materials and methods: At four rheumatology units in southern Sweden treatment of 160 consecutive patients with RA was started with either etanercept or infliximab. The economic analysis was based on 116 patients with complete data who received

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors evaluated the coordination of swallowing and respiration in dysphagic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Video fluoroscopy and respirometry were performed simultaneously during 98 swallows in 33 patients (18 women, 15 men) with a median age of 70 years (interquartile range, 52-78 years). Pharyngeal transit time, deglutition apnea, and the ratio between the two (

Objective: We reviewed the literature on nodal staging in patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy and lymphadenectomy. Results: Fractionating the lymph node specimen significantly increases the node count, whereas results are contradictory as to whether that increase improves detection of positive nodes. Pathoanatomic data indicate that extending lymph node dissection to the a

In order to evaluate the potential of cardiovascular tissue characterisation using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, spectra in a previously unexplored wavelength region 0.8-2.3 mu m were recorded from various pig heart tissue samples in vitro: normal myocardium (with and without endo/epicardium), aorta; fatty and fibrous heart tissue. The spectra were analysed with principal component analysis (P

The molecular changes underlying neural progenitor differentiation are essentially unknown. We applied cDNA microarrays with 13,627 clones to measure dynamic gene expression changes during the in vitro differentiation of neural progenitor cells that were isolated from the subventricular zone of postnatal day 7 mice and grown in vitro as neurospheres. In two experimental series in which we withdrew

The temporal contrast is classified into two main regimes, the nanosecond-scale and the picosecond-scale contrast prior to the main pulse. The Lund terawatt laser system is shown to be improved on the nano- and picosecond-scale by a factor of 10 and 50, respectively, when it was optimized for contrast but not for energy. Calculations are also presented to emphasize the role of angular dispersion o

Excited-state lifetimes for a number of vibronic states of (1)Pi(u) symmetry in molecular nitrogen have been determined experimentally in a laser-based pump-probe scheme using a coherent and tunable extreme ultraviolet source based on harmonic generation. States investigated in N-14(2) were b(1)Pi(u)(v = 6-9), of valence character, and c(3)(1)Pi(u)(v = 1) and o(3)(1)Pi(u)(v = 1), of Rydberg charac

A common problem during recovery of bioproducts by adsorption from particulate broths is fouling of the adsorbent material as a result of the interaction of cells and cell debris, which present negative charges, with the positively charged anion exchangers commonly used in bioprocesses. The effect of shielding an adsorbent with a layer of agarose on reducing the binding of cells while still allowi