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The foundation of International Refugee Law was laid down in the early 1950s by the creation of the UNHCR and the Geneva Convention of July 28 1951Relating to the Status of Refugees (hereinafter the Geneva Convention) and its 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. Refugees and asylum seekers are not only protected through the relatively limited refugee law but also through general human
While the international community would like to think it does not happen crimes are committed by peacekeepers. There is a growing prevalence of the crimes of trafficking, rape, sexual slavery and enforced prostitution being perpetrated by peacekeepers. These are all gender-specific crimes against women. They are also the crimes that most often remain unpunished, especially when committed by peacek
This thesis analyses the debate around the patents on human genes from three most important angles: ethical, legal and economic. In the ethical context, patents on gene-related inventions are often seen as inappropriate because of the alleged special status of human DNA. The special status stems from their alleged responsibility for everything from diseases to social propensities and personal trai
The study of Federalism has attracted scholars of various fields for a long time. Federalism as an instrument of balancing the tension between universalism and particularism has drawn more attention in pluralistic societies. After the end of the cold war era there is a drift in to reaffirmation of ethnic identity as a means of determining the public life of a society, the venture to ethnify federa
This study is an attempt to examine the law and practice relating to female genital mutilation in Tanzania. In the course of writing this work, attention is paid to the difference between enforcement of legal and social norms, as this is important in any fight against the deeply entrenched harmful traditional practice of Female Genital Mutilation. In dealing with this problem, the usefulness of us
This paper attempts to analyse the legal protection of software in Europe and reviews the current legislative developments in the European Union (EU), particularly with regard to the European Council (EC) draft directive for patentability of software-implemented inventions. It analyses the current EU legislation and considers how the proposed Directive improves such legislation and also points to
The thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction while chapter 2 really starts the discourse. Chapter 2 is titled, the Challenges of Implementing International Human Rights Treaties-Background, it outlines the international mechanisms of implementation envisaged by the treaties and indicates that the treaties originate at the international plane but are designed for implement
This paper will begin on the premise that international human rights law provides an efficient framework and a good forum to address issues of social and economic justice in a comprehensive and holistic manner, in the first place. Secondly, that this immense potential is under utilised because international and regional forums are inaccessible to the people whom they have been set up to protect. T
As of January 1, 2005, it will no longer be allowed under international trade rules for one country to impose import quotas on textiles and garments on another country. It is widely expected that the expiration of the 1974 Multifiber Arrangement will lead to a drastic re-shuffle of garment production and trade patterns. Where a number of countries were previously guaranteed a share of the European
Resistance movements in occupied territory have been accepted as a concept since WWII. However, the exact characteristics of these movements and which rules apply to them, their rights and duties, have never been really clear. This thesis looks at the development of the concept of organized resistance movements and the efforts to regulate such organizations in international humanitarian law, culmi
The objective of this thesis is to comprehensively demonstrate the existing extent, and the nature of the Ius Cogens Human Rights Obligations of Transnational Companies and their enforcement in the international law. The existing international human rights law is mainly state-centric as it creates obligations primarily upon States to promote human rights. Apart from that one can outline an affluen
Throughout five chapters, the thesis deals with the issues of international humanitarian and human rights law arising out of the practice of punitive house demolition, that is repetitively utilized in the Occupied Palestinian Territories by the Israeli authorities, in response to the acts of insurgency/terrorism. The first chapter (Introduction) enables the reader to get a glimpse of the precise o
