Background and aims: TCF7L2 is both an activator and an inhibitor of transcription and the most highly associated type 2 diabetes gene known to date. It influences beta cell survival and function, i.e. incretin hormonal effects, insulin processing and secretion. However, its target genes in pancreatic islets are not fully described and the molecular mechanism whereby it propagates its effects on i

A concept based on photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PFLIF) is for the first time demonstrated for simultaneous detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and water (H2O) vapor in various mixtures containing the two constituents in a bath of argon gas. A photolysis laser pulse at 248 nm dissociates H2O2 into OH fragments, whereupon a probe pulse, delayed 100 ns and tuned to an absorption l

The aim of this mixed-method study was to explore the trajectories of leaving home, and views and experiences among children and youth in the Kagera region in Tanzania, who have lived on the streets or been domestic workers. The main results showed that orphanhood and mistreatment were the main reasons for leaving home: few children lived with their parents before they left, and leaving home was a

• Transforming present production and consumption systems towards Circular Economy will require that new models for value provision are devised by companies and accepted by consumers• Numerous factors drive companies towards initiating the shift to more circular material flows• Businesses also face many barriers on their way towards circular business models• There is opportunity space to collectiv

Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is a common cause of foodborne illness worldwide, and enterotoxin D (SED) is one of the most frequent Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins associated with it. It has been reported that the expression and formation of SED in S. aureus is regulated by the quorum sensing Agr system. In this study, the effect of agr deletion on sed expression in S. aureus grown on boi

his paper investigates regional business cycle co-movements in Austria–Hungary from 1867 to 1913. Economic theory suggests that rising market integration induces sectoral specialisation, resulting in a reduction in the correlation of regional GDP cycles (Krugman effect). However, the synchronisation of business cycles is expected to increase because of the growing inter-linkages among regions led

We develop a behavioural framework of bounded rational decision-making under uncertainty to analyse the role of technological dynamism in the firm’s environment for its decision to internationalise innovation. Applying prospect theory, we argue that technological uncertainty in the firm’s environment affects its risk preferences differently depending on its technological capabilities. A key predic

Recent research on human nonverbal vocalizations has led to considerable progress in our understanding of vocal communication of emotion. However, in contrast to studies of animal vocalizations, this research has focused mainly on the emotional interpretation of such signals. The repertoire of human nonverbal vocalizations as acoustic types, and the mapping between acoustic and emotional categorie

A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay was developed for precise quantitation of 87 plasma proteins including the three isoforms of apolipoprotein E (APOE) associated with cardiovascular diseases using nanoscale liquid chromatography separation and stable isotope dilution strategy. The analytical performance of the assay was evaluated and we found an average technical variation of 4.7% in 4-5

Coherent X-ray diffraction was used to measure the type, quantity and the relative distances between stacking faults along the growth direction of two individual wurtzite GaAs nanowires grown by metalorganic vapour epitaxy. The presented approach is based on the general property of the Patterson function, which is the autocorrelation of the electron density as well as the Fourier transformation of

Background: Over the past couple of decades, measuring immunological parameters has become widespread in studies of ecology and evolution. A combination of different immunological indices is useful for quantifying different parts of the immune system and comprehensively assessing immune function. Running multiple immune assays usually requires samples to be repeatedly thawed and re-frozen. There i

Prolidase is a ubiquitously distributed dipeptidase and the only dipeptidase in humans capable of cleaving the peptide bond preceding the amino acids proline (Pro) or hydroxyproline (Hyp). It is mainly implicated in the degradation of dietary and endogenous proteins. It is also involved in the terminal steps of collagen catabolism by hydrolyzing Pro and Hyp-containing dipeptides. Finally, it is be

Affective forecasting - predicting the emotional outcome of never-before experienced situations - is pervasive in our lives. When facing novel situations, we can quickly integrate bits and pieces of prior experiences to envisage possible scenarios and their outcomes, and what these might feel like. Such affective glimpses of the future often steer the decisions we make. By enabling principled deci

In Part I of this two-part paper, a formulation was developed to treat fragmentation in ice-ice collisions. In the present Part II, the formulation is implemented in two microphysically advanced cloud models simulating a convective line observed over the U.S. high plains. One model is 2D with a spectral bin microphysics scheme. The other has a hybrid bin-two-moment bulk microphysics scheme in 3D.