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Uppsatsen klargör hur den svenska modellen för avtalstolkning är uppbyggd och tillämpas i kommersiella relationer, med särskilt fokus på tolkningsproblem vid användningen av engelskspråkiga juridiska begrepp. Syftet är att klargöra hur avtalsinnehåll fastställs enligt svensk rätt samt att analysera hur principer såsom lojalitetsplikt och skälighet påverkar tolkningsprocessen. Uppsatsen belyser äveThis thesis clarifies how the Swedish model of contract interpretation is structured and applied in commercial relations, with particular emphasis on interpretative challenges arising from the use of English legal concepts. The purpose is to clarify how contractual content is determined under Swedish law and to analyse how principles such as the duty of loyalty and reasonableness influence the int

Denna uppsats undersöker hur polisers muntliga utsagor värderas i brottmål och i vilken utsträckning denna bevisvärdering är förenlig med gällande rätt och vittnespsykologisk forskning. Detta mot bakgrund av diskussioner i den rättsvetenskapliga doktrinen om att polisers utsagor i vissa fall riskerar att övervärderas, samt erfarenheter från rättsväsendet och uttalanden i praxis som ger intryck av This essay examines how oral statements made by police officers are evaluat-ed as evidence in criminal proceedings and to what extent such evidentiary assessment is compatible with applicable law and psychological research. The study is motivated by discussions in the legal doctrine suggesting that police statements may be accorded excessive evidentiary weight, as well as experiences from the judi

Elektroniska hälsodata produceras, insamlas och används idag av ett stort antal olika typer av aktörer inom EU. Tillgången till och delningen av denna elektroniska hälsodata anses utgöra ett led i att såväl förbättra hälso- och sjukvården inom unionen som för främjandet av exempelvis innovation och forskning. För att kunna förverkliga den fulla potential denna elektroniska hälsodata innehar inrättElectronic health data are currently produced, collected and used by a wide range of actors within the European Union. Access to and sharing of such data are regarded as instrumental in both improving healthcare within the Union and in promoting, inter alia, innovation and research. In early 2025, through the European Health Data Space Regulation, a framework governing the use and exchange of such

Denna uppsats analyserar Europeiska kommissionens förslag till en förord-ning om tvångslicenser i krissituationer. (COM(2023) 224) ur ett rättsligt och rättspolitiskt perspektiv. Förslaget syftar till att införa ett unionsomfattande system för tvångslicenser avsett att säkerställa tillgången till krisrelevanta pro-dukter, särskilt läkemedel, i situationer där nationella åtgärder bedöms vara otillrThis thesis examines the European Commission’s proposal for a regulation on compulsory licensing in crisis situations (COM(2023) 224) from a legal and legal-policy perspective. The proposal seeks to introduce a Union-wide sys-tem for compulsory licensing intended to ensure access to crisis-relevant products, particularly medicinal products, in situations where national measures are considered insu

Uppsatsen undersöker samspelet mellan EU:s konkurrensrätt och reglering med fokus på hur externa regelverk utanför konkurrensrätten påverkar den konkurrensrättsliga prövningen. Analysen fokuserar särskilt på hur dataskyddsförordningen (GDPR) påverkar den konkurrensrättsliga prövningen av missbruk av dominerande ställning enligt artikel 102 FEUF. För att belysa konkurrensrättens roll undersöks den This thesis examines the interaction between EU competition law and regulation. The overall aim is to explore how regulation in its capacity as an external regulatory framework may inform competition assessments. The exploration focuses in particular on the impact of the GDPR on the competition law assessment of an abuse of a dominant position under Article 102 TFEU. To explore how the role of EU

För att ett alster ska åtnjuta upphovsrättsligt skydd som ett ‘verk’ enligt den EU-rättsliga upphovsrättsregleringen ska alstret vara originellt på så sätt att det är upphovsmannens egen intellektuella skapelse. Innebörden av detta originalitetskriterium har utvecklats kontinuerligt av EUD, senast i de förenade målen C 580/23 och C 795/23 (Mio). Begreppet ‘verk’ utgör ett självständigt unionsrättsIn order for a subject matter to enjoy copyright protection as a work according to EU copyright law the subject matter must be original, in the sense that it is the author’s own intellectual creation. The meaning of this criteria of originality has been developed continuously by the Court of Justice of the European Union, most recently in Joined Cases, C 580/23 and C 795/23 (Mio). The term work is

Utgångspunkten i svensk avtalsrätt är att rättsverkningar förutsätter aktiva handlingar. Avtal anses normalt uppkomma genom ett utbyte av samstämmiga viljeförklaringar i form av anbud och accept. Passivitet, dvs. underlåtenhet att handla, leder som huvudregel inte till avtalsbundenhet. Denna ordning vilar på avtalsfriheten och viljeprincipen, enligt vilken en part endast blir bunden till vad denneThe starting point in Swedish contract law is that legal effects require active actions. Contracts are normally considered to arise through an exchange of mutual declarations of intent in the form of an offer and acceptance. Passivity, i.e. failure to act, does not, as a general rule, lead to contractual obligations. This arrangement is based on freedom of contract and the principle of intent, acc

Predictions on terminating configurations in nuclei with 10-12 valence particles outside the 146Gd core are compared with recent experimental data. Observed and calculated spectra show a remarkable similarity, at least for 158Er and 156Er which nuclei are discussed in detail here.

It is shown that the band crossings observed at frequencies ≈h{stroke};hω ≈ 0.5 MeV can be qualitatively explained from Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations with no pairing correlations. The crossing bands are characterized by a different number of protons in h 11 2 orbitals leading to different deformationtrajectories in the (∋, γ)-plane. Above the band crossings, the calculated transition energies co

A comparison between the observed spectrum of 155Dy and calculations suggests that the yrast states in the I+30-40 region are built from bands whose deformation smoothly changes towards oblate shape (γ=60°) with band terminations in the I=45-50 region. The presence of other bands which show no terminating features is also naturally understood within the same theoretical framework.

The deexcitation of the 8.6 μs isomer of 9939Y has been studied using γ-ray spectroscopy techniques at LOHENGRIN and JOSEF. The resultant level scheme is analyzed within the ' framework of the particle-rotor coupling model. The ground-state band, to spin 19 2u+, is found to have band properties consistent with a π[422 5 2] Nilsson assignment. The 8.6 μs isomer and a side band with a band-head half

Over four decades, Indigenous Sámi individuals and communities have submitted to United Nations human rights treaty bodies, including the Human Rights Committee, several complaints in respect of the three Nordic countries Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Many of these Sámi rights cases have made important contributions to the understanding and application of Indigenous peoples’ rights globally, in add

Six rotational bands up to energies Ex = 24.7 MeV and spins Jπ=(79/2−) have been identified in 109Sn using the GAMMASPHERE γ-detector array. Four of the bands show smoothly decreasing dynamic moments of inertia at rotational frequencies ℏω > 0.6 MeV. The bands arise at medium spins from a coupling of a valence d5/2, g7/2 or h11/2 neutron to the deformed 2p2h proton excitation of the Z=50 core 108S

The moments of inertia of rotational bands in the cranked harmonic oscillator are explored. The important role played by the maximum spin is pointed out. A qualitative agreement is found with the properties of recently observed superdeformed bands.

New high spin states in 25Mg have been located above the neutron threshold using the 12C(14N, pγ)25Mg reaction at E=23.5 MeV. The members of the ground state rotational band (Kπ= 5 2+ have been tentatively identified up to 15 2+. The yrast 15 2+ (not a member of the ground state band) and 17 2+ states have also been tentatively assigned. These results support the interpretation of the new 17 2+ st

General properties of terminating bands are briefly reviewed and exemplified on the observed high-spin properties ofl58Er andl56Er. The very similar features of the positive parity high-spin spectra of the N = 88 isotones of Dy, Er and Yb are pointed out and discussed. The possibility to estimate £(E2)-values in terminating bands from measured feeding times is explored. The spin contribution from

The particle-rotor model using strong coupling basis functions is briefly reviewed. Recent developments are discussed. For example, a formalism for odd-odd nuclei (and negative parity states in even nuclei) is presented. With a standard neutron-proton interaction, measured spins and moments of transitional and deformed Ho nuclei are used to extract their main configurations. Total energy calculati

New high spin states in Mg25 (up to 13.3 MeV in excitation) have been located using the N12,p)25Mg reaction at a laboratory beam energy of 23.5 MeV. Gamma decay from 28 neutron unbound levels has been observed (24 of which are reported here for the first time) up to 7 MeV above the neutron drip line. Tentative identification of the yrast line up to (17/2+ has been made, along with an extension of

High-spin states in 154Dy have been studied using the TESSA2 γ-rays spectrometer following the 110Pd(48Ca,4n)154Dy reaction at a beam energy of 210 MeV. States up to 44+ and 37- have been observed. Below spin 30 the data display regular rotational behaviour which can be interpreted in terms of the cranked shell model. Above spin 30, sequences of levels connected by stretched E2 transitions, which