Background and purpose: Appropriate planning target volume (PTV) definition is critical for local disease eradication in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). When margins are added to the gross tumour volume (GTV) in the standard way, the PTV formed may be too large to facilitate dose escalation due to normal tissue tolerance. To increase the feasibility of dose escalation with 3-d

We report the observation of antibunched emission from single self-assembled InAs quantum dots under various conditions. We have measured the correlation function of the photon emission pertaining to single emission lines from single quantum dots under continuous and pulsed laser excitation, as well as under continuous white light excitation. The measurements were performed under different excitat

The current study evaluates the factor structure of the Disgust Scale-Revised (DS-R) in eight countries: Australia, Brazil, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States (N = 2,606). Confirmatory factor analysis is used to compare two different models of the DS-R and to investigate the invariance of the factor structure of the DS-R across countries and gender. A three-facto

A global faunal crisis close to the Eifelian-Givetian stage boundary in the mid-Devonian has been purported to be related to the impact of one or two major extraterrestrial bodies. This was based on unusual mineralogical and chemical features within a distinct composite marl bed, at a level c. 40 cm below the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Eifelian-Givetian boundary at Jebel Me

A marked reduction of 40-70% in regional bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported after fractures of long bones, and this post-traumatic osteopenia may to some extent persist for several years, perhaps lifelong. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether prolonged alcohol abuse had any effect on the degree of post-traumatic osteopenia after isolated tibia shaft fractures, the ratio

The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework of lexical meaning, broadly along the lines of Cognitive Semantics (Langacker 1987). Within the proposed model, all aspects of meaning are to be explained in terms of properties of ontologies in conceptual space, i.e. properties of content ontologies and schematic ontologies and construals which are imposed on the conceptual structures on the occ

We investigated the influence of lake trophic status on accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in littoral and profundal invertebrates from 19 lakes in southern Sweden. The PCB concentration in profundal chironomids (Chironomus sp.) was negatively correlated with lake trophy but the concentration in littoral crayfish (Pacifasticus leniusculus) was unrelated to shifting nutrient regimes.

Research on the biology of the tumor stroma has the potential to lead to development of more effective treatment regimes enhancing the efficacy of drug-based treatment of solid malignancies. Tumor stroma is characterized by distorted blood vessels and activated connective tissue cells producing a collagen-rich matrix, which is accompanied by elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), indicating a

Leukemic U-937 cells, which lack normal p53, were stably transfected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of p53 to investigate the consequences for growth and differentiation. On induction of wild-type p53 activity at the permissive temperature, some of these cells underwent maturation as judged by the capacity for oxidative burst and the appearance of monocyte related cell surface molecules. More

The dynamic rheological behaviour of Arracacha xanthorriza white carrot), Canna edulis (achira) and Oxalis tuberosa oca) starch gels were studied in strain-sweep mode. The starch was diluted with water to cover particle volume fractions of 1–3. The starch suspensions were heated at 89 8C for 30 min, and their swelling power and amylose leaching were measured. C. edulis showed the highest swelling

In the search for a triggering mechanism for the Paleocene-Eocene (P-E) boundary event, 55 Ma, centimeter-resolution chemical (e.g., Ir, Os, Pt) and isotope (e.g., (OS)-O-187/Os-188, He-3/He-4, Sr-87/Sr-86) records across this boundary have been established for six uplifted marine sections in Egypt, Spain and Denmark. The sections studied represent some of the stratigraphically most complete recor

In structural engineering the system effect is known as the possibility of transversal collaboration among parallel load-bearing elements due to mechanical load sharing. The statistical system effect, related to the variation of strength within structural timber elements, is investigated in this paper. The system investigated is a roof truss of W-type. The strength variation within and between tim

Incomplete taxon sampling has been a major problem in resolving the early divergences in birds. Five new mitochondrial genomes are reported here (brush-turkey, lyrebird, suboscine flycatcher, turkey vulture, and a gull) and three break up long branches that tended to attract the distant reptilian outgroup. These long branches were to galliforms, and to oscine and suboscine passeriformes. Breaking

With the growth of mobile computing, users will have simultaneous access to multiple overlaid networks, each with different characteristics, services and costs. This paper introduces TOMTEN (TOtal Management Of Transmissions for the ENd-user), a framework for managing resources in both this type of environment as well as the traditional single network environment. TOMTEN is a reactive framework th

The development of photodynamic therapy into a modality for treatment of prostate cancer calls for reliable optical dosimetry. We employ, for the first time, interstitial time-resolved spectroscopy to determine in vivo optical properties of human prostate tissue. Nine patients are included in the study, and measurements are conducted prior to primary brachytherapy treatment of prostate cancer. Int

A long-standing hypothesis posits that natural selection can favour two female strategies when density cycles. At low density, females producing many smaller progeny are favoured when the intrinsic rate of increase, r, governs population growth. At peak density, females producing fewer, high-quality, progeny are favoured when the carrying capacity, K, is exceeded and the population crashes. Here w

Arthrospira is one genus of cyanoprokaryota for which information on toxin production exists for only a few strains. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether strains of Arthrospira fusiformis produce intracellular toxic compounds such as microcystins and anatoxin-a. The study was based on three strains of Arthrospira, two strains isolated from wastewater ponds in Mozambique and one fro