In classical conditioning, cerebellar Purkinje cells learn an adaptively timed pause in spontaneous firing. This pause reaches its maximum near the end of the interstimulus interval. While it was thought that this timing was due to temporal patterns in the input signal and selective engagement of changes in synapse strength, we have shown Purkinje cells learn timed responses even when the conditio

Photosynthesis is a sustainable process for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy. Thylakoids in energy-transducing photosynthetic membranes are unique in biological membranes because of their distinguished structure and composition. The quantum trapping efficiency of thylakoid membranes is appealing in photobioelectrochemical research. In this study, thylakoid membranes extracted fr

Myoepithelioma, mixed tumor and parachordoma are uncommon soft tissue tumors thought to represent morphological variants of a single tumor type. The genetic basis of these neoplasms is poorly understood. However, they morphologically resemble mixed tumor of the salivary glands (also known as pleomorphic adenoma), a tumor characterized by deregulated expression of PLAG1 or HMGA2. To evaluate a poss

This article examines the ever-actual desire to visualise and materialise thought-images in a historical perspective. The interest for research into thought imagery,and of visual proof production of thoughts, coincided with the invention of the camera and culminated somewhere around 1900. Together with other scientific circumstances that appeared up to 1900, such as the experimental psychology mod

Changes in the Arctic's climate are a result of complex interactions between the cryosphere, atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere. More feedbacks from the cryosphere to climate warming are positive and result in further warming than are negative, resulting in a reduced rate of warming or cooling. Feedbacks operate at different spatial scales; many, such as those operating through albedo and evapotrans

Here for the first time, we detail self-contained (wireless and self-powered) biodevices with wireless signal transmission. Specifically, we demonstrate the operation of self-sustained carbohydrate and oxygen sensitive biodevices, consisting of a wireless electronic unit, radio transmitter and separate sensing bioelectrodes, supplied with electrical energy from a combined multi-enzyme fuel cell ge

Drug repurposing or re-profiling has become an effective strategy to identify novel indications for already-approved drugs. In this study, peptidomimetic FDA-approved HIV/HCV inhibitors were explored for their potential to be repurposed for the inhibition of the replication of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) by targeting the NS2B-NS3 and NSP2 protease, respectively. MM/GBSA-based bindi

Previously, it was shown that the cell-membrane-expressed glycosphingolipid, globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3)/P-k/CD77), protects against HIV-1 infection and may be a newly described natural resistance factor against HIV infection. We have now investigated the potential of a novel, water soluble, non-toxic and completely synthetic analogue of Gb(3)/P-k (FSL-Gb(3)) to inhibit HIV-1 infection in vitro.

Popular Abstract in English An algae that has lost its ability to do photosynthesis over the last million years and started to feed on human blood causes about 600.000 death every year, a number equals about 8 times Lund’s present population. This evolved algae named Plasmod- ium falciparum causes Malaria, a tropical disease mainly affecting economically weak regions in Africa. Unlike bacteria or Malaria, caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for about 600.000 death cases every year. Mainly affected are populations of subtropical countries in Africa and the largest groups of victims are children below the age of 5 years. The fast evolving drug resistances of Plasmodium against the the most pow- erful antimalarials threatens the successful containment of this

Aim: To determine if the use of alcohol-based hand-disinfection as a complement to regular hand washing at daycare centers (DCCs) can reduce the childhood rate of absenteeism. Methods: Children aged 0-6 years attending DCC were studied in a cluster randomized controlled trial during 30 weeks. Thirty matched pairs of DCCs were included in the study, where one of the DCCs was randomized to intervent

Popular Abstract in Swedish Luftvägsinfektioner som orsakas av bakterier och virus är en av de ledande orsakerna till sjukdom i världen. De kännetecknas av inflammation i svalg, hals, näsa, öron eller i lungorna. I näsa och hals finns en normalflora av bakterier som lever i samspel med sin värd och som normalt sett inte orsakar infektioner. Ibland kan dessa bakterier ändå orsaka sjukdom, som då imOuter membrane vesicles (OMV) have the size of nanoparticles and are released from the outer membrane of most Gram-negative bacteria. The OMV reflect the composition of the bacterial outer membrane, including lipids and virulence factors specific for the pathogen, and are involved in pathogenesis and bacterial survival. Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae are Gram-negative bacterial s

Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease and accumulating evidence suggests a role for Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated activation of dendritic cells (DCs). Objective To map TLR-mediated cytokine responses of DCs from patients with SSc. Methods 45 patients with SSc were included. Patients were stratified as having diffuse cutaneous SSc (dSSc) or limited cutaneous SSc (lSSc) ac

Surgical teleoperation systems are being increasingly deployed recently. There are, however, some unsolved issues such as nonlinear characteristics of the interaction between the slave robot and soft tissues and difficulty in employing force sensors in the surgical end-effectors of the slave. These issues make it difficult to generalize any approach to develop a control for the system. This paper

Background: To study costs and outcome for serious hand and arm injuries during the first year after the trauma. Methods: In patients with a Hand Injury Severity Score (HISS) > 50, DASH and EQ-5D scores as well as factors related to costs within the health care sector, costs due to lost production and total costs were evaluated. Coxregression analysis stratifying for mechanism of injury was used t

Popular Abstract in English Parkinson’s disease is the second common neurological disease whose major clinical symptom is progressive impairment in the ability to control the body movements. The symptoms are mainly caused by the gradual loss of dopamine producing neurons in a very specific part of the brain, termed substantia nigra. Although there exist some drug and surgical therapies, those mosParkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Since the motor manifestations of the disease is associated with the loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, cell replacement therapy is a promising approach for treatment. Although several different cell types have been used in clinical trials, with the recent findings of somatic cell nuclear tr

New management ideas aim to change the roles of local government politicians and administrators. The new ideas are poorly adjusted to the traditional role of councillors that was built on detailed knowledge and active participation in administrative practice. Leadership has now become even more full of contradictions; many demands are hard to reconcile. But, if any managers are good at handling co

Martikainen’s aim of the book is to show how the religious scene in Finland has changed over the last twenty years due to migration with focus is on minority religious organizations.

Purpose: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is an incurable disease that rapidly develops drug resistance. Therefore there is a need for identifying new agents that will improve the therapeutic outcome. Korbazol is a natural product known to exert cytotoxic effect on the in vitro survival of leukemic cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of korbazol-induced apoptos