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Enzymes serve as biological catalysts in a wide range of applications, from household products to industrial processes, research, diagnostics and forensic science. They accelerate reactions with high specificity under mild reaction conditions and are essential for life. Advances in recombinant DNA technology have enabled the use of microorganisms as efficient cell factories for production of heter

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP), the world’s largest water transfer initiative, is designed to address northern China’s acute water scarcity by diverting approximately 45 km3 of water annually from the south through three major routes, with completion targeted for 2050. This review demonstrates that the SNWDP has already improved water security for over 150 million people, stabi

Microorganisms are key players in the global cycling of nitrogen and carbon, controlling their availability and fluxes, including the emissions of the powerful greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane. Standard sequencing methods often reveal only a limited fraction of their diversity, because of their low relative abundance, the insufficient sequencing depth of traditional metagenomes of comple

The study of physical systems at the microscopic scale often reveals emergent behaviors driven by thermal fluctuations and interactions. The characterization of such systems permits a deeper understanding of how these driving forces give rise to collective phenomena and functional responses. This thesis investigates two classes of microscopic systems: momentum-conserving active matter, or so-calle

I samband med den väldigt forcerade utbyggnaden av den gröna omställningen genom stora fabriker i norra Sverige ställs en rad frågor kring hanteringen av personal, säkerhet, likabehandling och ansvar. De arbetsrättsliga implikationerna är många. Den ursprungliga euforiska uppfattningen av etableringar som Northvolt i Skellefteå visade sig efterhand föra med sig betydande utmaningar. Texten, som är

One of the major causes of dwell time delays is the behaviour of passengers during the alighting and boarding processes, such as an uneven spread of boarding passengers and queues formed in front of the doors. Therefore, changing the behaviour of passengers so that it does not negatively affect the time needed for alighting and boarding is one of the ways to reduce the risk of dwell time delays. P

Fully bio-based spirocyclic monomers with high reactivity and thermal stability in polycondensations, and scalable production from low-cost reactants are attractive alternatives to replace fossil-based terephthalate monomers. To this end, we carefully design and synthesize a dicarboxylate ester monomer with a spiroacetal structure from bio-based pentaerythritol and glyoxylic acid. Polycondensation

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains challenging, particularly in older adults. While the Heart Failure Association (HFA)-PEFF and H2FPEF Scores offer structured diagnostic approaches, their clinical utility is still debated. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of HFpEF Scores versus inclusion criteria used in sodium-glucose cotranspo

High nutritional value Andean seeds—tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis), cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)—were subjected to solid-state fermentation with Levilactobacillus brevis DSM 1269. This strain can convert L-glutamic acid into the neurotransmitter GABA. Fermented tarwi exhibited the highest GABA production, at 4 mg/g sample, which correlates with its higher protein

Endophytic fungi, which reside within plants without causing disease, are recognized for their ability to produce bioactive metabolites with antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, as well as their role in enhancing plant defense mechanisms. Due to these valuable traits, endophytic fungi have attracted significant attention in biotechnology and microbiology. The four endophytic

We report observations of ultrafast carotenoid band shifts correlated with energy transfer dynamics between bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecules within the peripheral light-harvesting complex (LH2) from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Direct excitation of the bacteriochlorophyll Q(y) bands yielded distinct changes in the carotenoid S2 absorption from 430 to 530 nm. Transient

Polyoxometalates (POMs) and their instrinsic discrete nature has enabled them to support a wide range of research spanning solution-speciation chemistry, biological/medical assays, catalytic processes and fundamental crystallography. The structure-property relationship of POMs are a consequence of their constiuent metal atoms, which inevitably are formed under specific regimes - for simplicity, ac

Surface water fluctuations and lake storage has been severely impacted by climate change, causing severe flooding and drought events. Hence, monitoring the storage of lakes and reservoirs is of paramount importance to assess freshwater availability, to maintain a balance with the ecosystem and water use. This balance is important for sustainable water management in Sweden, which is reflected in th

Bakgrund: Sepsis är ett livshotande tillstånd som uppstår till följd av ett onormalt systemiskt svar på infektion och kan leda till multipel organsvikt och död om behandling inte påbörjas i tid. Tidig identifiering är avgörande för överlevnad, men symtomen är ofta ospecifika och svåra att tolka. Inom akutsjukvård har sjuksköterskan en central roll i att upptäcka tidiga tecken, initiera åtgärder oc

Personer som självskadar har historiskt sett inte haft så mycket att säga till om i sina egna vårdprocesser. När de har sökt psykiatrisk vård akut, ofta för att de upplevt akut svåra tankar och impulser att skada sig själva och kanske har planerat göra suicidförsök, har personer som självskadar ofta blivit hemskickade utan hjälp, eller så har de blivit inlagda för långvarig psykiatrisk vård som faPeople who self-harm have historically not had much say in their healthcare processes. When seeking psychiatric emergency care, people who self-harm have frequently been turned away, or admitted for lengthy hospitalisations that may aggravate self-harm. The attitudes of psychiatric clinicians toward people who self-harm are important to healthcare users’ experience of care, affecting quality and a

I denna studie undersöks en vanlig fråga i utvecklingsländer - att informella arbetsrelationer kvarstår när den småskaliga gruvsektorn (ASM) ställs under statlig kontroll. Detta undersöks genom en studie av formaliseringsreformer i Rwandas 3Ts-sektor (tenn, tantal, volfram) för småskalig gruvdrift, som intensifierades från 2010. Forskningen syftar till att förklara den roll som arbetskraft, som båThis study explores a common issue in developing countries – the persistence of informal labour relations when the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector is brought under state control. It investigates this through a study of formalisation reforms in Rwanda’s 3Ts (tin, tantalum, tungsten) small-scale mining sector, which intensified from 2010. The research aims to explain the role that labo

Socialdemokraternas affärskomplex är enormt. Ingen annan liberal demokrati uppvisar lika täta och långvariga kopplingar mellan den offentliga sektorn och företag med starka band till det statsbärande partiet. Dessa nära förbindelser öppnar för korruption och bör omedelbart granskas av OECD, skriver Lars Jonung i en krönika.