Proton beam writing was performed on a lithographic resist to determine the main parameters required to achieve the minimum feature size, maximum pattern lateral density and maximum aspect ratio. A 2.5 MeV proton beam focused to sizes between 1.5 and 2.5 mu m was used to expose SU-8 negative resist. The number of protons per pixel was varied in the exposure of SU-8 with thicknesses between 5 and 9

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the serum level of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) carries prognostic information in individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. DESIGN: suPAR was measured by ELISA in 262 individuals at the time of enrolment into a cohort based on suspicion of active tuberculosis and in 101 individuals after 8 months of follow-up. RESULTS: The s

Background: Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used for prevention and treatment of thromboemobolic events, but may occasionally cause uncontrollable bleeding. Heparin can readily be antagonized with protamine, but this is less effective against LMWH. Objectives: To test the effects of rFVIIa or an analogue of rFVIIa, NN1731, on heparin- and LMWH-induced bleeding in rats. M

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an established staging method in early breast cancer. After a negative biopsy, most institutions will not perform a completion axillary dissection. The present study reports the current axillary recurrence (AR) rate, overall and disease-free survival in the Swedish Multicenter Cohort Study. Methods: From 3534 patients with primary breast cancer

A spectroscopic system for continuous real-time monitoring of SO2, concentrations in industrial emissions was developed. The sensor is well suited for field applications due to simple and compact instrumental design, and robust data evaluation based on ultraviolet broadband absorption without the use of any calibration cell. The sensor has a detection limit of 1 ppm, and was employed both for gas-

Water vapor sorption on morphine sulphate was studied in a twin double sorption microcalorimeter at 25°C. The vapor sorption isotherm and the differential heats of sorption were determined simultaneously from dry condition to a water activity of 0.99. Two well resolved hydration steps were obtained on the sorption isotherm at water activities of 0.01 and 0.22 corresponding to the formation of dihy

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inflammatory bowel conditions, particularly ulcerative colitis, are associated with an increased incidence of neoplastic transformation. High levels of proinflammatory leukotrienes (LTs) and up-regulated expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 are characteristic of inflammation. Moreover, COX-2 has been implicated in cell survival and early colon carcinogenesis. Other aspects o

An automated peak picking strategy is presented where several peak sets with different signal-to-noise levels are combined to form a more reliable statement on the protein identity. The strategy is compared against both manual peak picking and industry standard automated peak picking on a set of mass spectra obtained after tryptic in gel digestion of 2D-gel samples from human fetal fibroblasts. Th

In eukaryotes, dihydropyrimidinase catalyzes the second step of the reductive pyrimidine degradation, the reversible hydrolytic ring opening of dihydropyrimidines. Here we describe the three- dimensional structures of dihydropyrimidinase from two eukaryotes, the yeast Saccharomyces kluyveri and the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, determined and refined to 2.4 and 2.05 angstrom, respectively.

One of the prototype compounds for metal-metal multiple bonding, the Re2Cl82- ion, has been studied theoretically using multiconfigurational quantum chemical methods. The molecular structure of the ground state has been determined. It is shown that the effective bond order of the Re-Re bond is close to three, due to the weakness of, in particular, the bond. The electronic spectrum has been calcula

This is an introduction to a special issue of Ethical Theory and Moral Practice that deals with various aspects of value theory.

Previous life-cycle studies of buildings tended to omit the phases after demolition. If recycling is not included, the potential benefits of recycling are not possible to assess. A parametric study of a one family house is presented which focuses on the potential energy savings by recycling the various building materials after demolition. The results indicate that it can be more important to desig

Results from studies using mice deficient in specific complement factors and clinical data on patients with an inherited deficiency of the classical complement pathway component C2 suggest that the classical pathway is vital for immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, the consequences of defects in classical pathway activity for opsonization with C3b and the phagocytosis of different S. pne

In order to elucidate the composition of the female sex pheromone of the northern (beech) winter moth, Operophtera fagata Scharf. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), ovipositor extracts of unmated, calling females were analysed by gas chromatography with simultaneous electroantennographic and flame ionization detection (GC-EAD/FID). Male antennal responses indicated three active components, two of which h

Background and Purpose: To prospectively assess the feasibility and efficacy of a hypofractionated accelerated radiotherapy regimen (72 Gy in 24 daily fractions, 3Gy per fraction) in patients (pts) with non-resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Methods: We included 25 Ins with a histologically or cytologically proven NSCLC, with KPS greater than or equal to 70 and less than o

Owing to an orderly recruitment of motor units, low threshold type I fibres are presumed to be vulnerable in contractions of long duration. To study load on these fibres muscular rest was registered as the time fraction of electromyographic (EMG) activity below a threshold. Moreover, the frequency of periods with muscular rest, EMG gaps, was derived, since a low gap frequency has been shown to be

Aberrant glycosylation occurs in essentially all types of human cancers. A difference in glycopattern of proteins will result in a change of function of the proteins. The lectin from Helix pomatia (HPA) recognizes N-acetylgalactosaminylated glycoproteins and very consistent results over the increased binding of HPA in tissue sections are associated with metastasis progression and poor patient prog