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Critical infrastructures provide society with services essential to its functioning, and extensive disruptions give rise to large societal consequences. Risk and vulnerability analyses of critical infrastructures generally focus narrowly on the infrastructure of interest and describe the consequences as nonsupplied commodities or the cost of unsupplied commodities; they rarely holistically conside

The Steyn and Puth (2000) model for strategic communication management has been applied by students and other project participants to non-profit organisations (NPOs), government institutions and small and medium enterprises in South Africa, but organisations’ communication practices have not been measured against the model. This paper reports on the strategic communication management practices of

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the redox state via malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation biomarker and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity (HAC) with dietary, anthropometric, demographic, socio-economic and clinical variables as well as the serum concentrations of vitamins in children aged 20-36 months. This cross-sectional study was conducted fr

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a native Andean plant rich in phenolic compounds, and its effects on dysmetabolism and cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats was evaluated. The rats (10/group) were allocated as follows: C, controls; C + Y, controls treated with Yacon leaf extract (YLE); DM, diabetic controls; and DM + Y, diabetic rats treated with YLE. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) was induced by the admini

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a disease in which inflammation is directly involved and can lead to impaired renal function.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of short term exposure to cafeteria diet on kidney tissue inflammation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the rat plasma.METHODS: Male Wistar rats (10 weeks of age, weighing 350 g) were assigned to receive commercial chow diet (C; n =

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a high prevalence around the world. Considering the components used to classify MetS, it is clear that it is closely related to obesity. These two conditions begin with an increase in abdominal adipose tissue, which is metabolically more active, containing a greater amount of resident macrophages compared to other fat deposits. Abdominal adiposity promotes inflammatio

The combustion engine, a well-known source of aerosols, has seen remarkable improvements regarding efficiency and emissions. A drawback of the conventional compression ignition (CI) engine is its requirement for a high cetane number fuel, i.e. diesel which contains long carbon chains forming particulate matter (PM) when combusted in the conventional diesel combustion (CDC) process. A previous stud

Many cities have set ambitious goals regarding the production of renewables within cities using advanced energy planning. The crux of those ambitious plans and goals is to put them into action using different legislative instruments, like a zoning plan. In this article, the experiences of an action research project with the aim to support local urban planners developing a zoning plan that creates

This paper presents a methodology for developing software systems denoted Cleanroom Software Engineering. The methodology has been developed at IBM and Software Engineering Technology (SET) in the USA, and is currently being adapted and applied to the field of telecommunications by E-P Telecom Q-Labs. The paper gives a brief introduction to Cleanroom. The main objective of Cleanroom is to introdu

Presents a method proposal for estimation of software reliability before the implementation phase. The method is based upon a formal description technique and that it is possible to develop a tool for performing dynamic analysis, i.e. locating semantic faults in the design. The analysis is performed by applying a usage profile as input as well as doing a full analysis, i.e. locating all faults tha

The testing method proposed in the Cleanroom methodology is Statistical Usage Testing. This testing technique is based on that the test cases represent theoperational profile. The failure data from testing is then used in a software reliability model to certify the reliability of the software. This paper introduces a new model for modelling the usage of the system, i.e. the operational profile. It

Software reliability is a frequently used term, but very seldom the reliability is under control during a software development project. This paper presents a method, Statistical Usage Testing (SUT), which gives the possibility to estimate and predict, and hence control the software reliability. SUT is the reliability certification method described as a part of Cleanroom software engineering. The m

In order to improve the efficiency of inspections, quantitative data on defect content have to be the basis for decisions in the inspection process. An experience-based capture-recapture method is proposed, which overcomes some problems with the basic pre-requisites of the original method. A C-code inspection experiment is conducted to evaluate the enhanced method and its applicability to software

Software quality engineering is concerned with building software products with required quality and assessing the level of quality. Software processes are important assets in achieving and assessing the software quality. Furthermore the adherence to defined processes is a key issue to having the software engineering under control and to enable process improvement. The software quality assurance (S

Requirements engineering and software reliability engineering both involve model building related to the usage of the intended system; requirements models and test case models respectively are built. Use case modelling for requirements engineering and operational profile testing for software reliability engineering are techniques which are evolving into software engineering practice. Approaches to

Reviews are essential for defect detection and they provide an opportunity to control the software development process. This paper focuses upon methods for estimating the defect content after a review and hence to provide support for process control. Two new estimation methods are introduced as the assumptions of the existing statistical methods are not fulfilled. The new methods are compared with

This paper presents a method proposal for estimation of software reliability before the implementation phase. The method is based upon that a formal specification technique is used and that it is possible to develop a tool performing dynamic analysis, i.e., locating semantic faults in the design. The analysis is performed with both applying a usage profile as input as well as doing a full analysis

It is of paramount importance that software reliability requirements not only can be formulated, but also enforced and evaluated before accepting a software product for release. This requires sound acceptance criteria for software, which implies that methods for evaluating the software reliability are needed during the testing phase. Thus, theoretical models which are practically applicable are ne

Software reliability is a frequently used term, but very seldom the reliability is under control, at least not in quantitative terms, during a software development project. This paper outlines a method, Statistical Usage Testing (SUT), which provides the opportunity to estimate and predict, and hence control software reliability. SUT is the reliability certification method described as a part of C

Software reliability is a frequently used term, but very seldom the reliability is under control during a software development project. This paper presents a method, Statistical Usage Testing (SUT), which gives the possibility to estimate and predict, and hence control software reliability. SUT is the reliability certihcation method described as a part of Cleanroom software engineering. The main o