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The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of how gender constructions have been shaped and renegotiated in the modern history of the Church of Sweden. This is achieved through the dissertation’s two general approaches, which are to account for the establishment and development of the Swedish lay movement called the Brethren of the Church (Kyrkobröderna) up until women were allowe

Intracellular aggregates of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In vivo, aggregation occurs in a complex and dense molecular environment with chemically heterogeneous surfaces. To investigate how SOD1 fibril formation is affected by surfaces, we used an in vitro model system enabling us to vary the molecular features of both SOD1 and the surfaces, as weIntracellular aggregates of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In vivo, aggregation occurs in a complex and dense molecular environment with chemically heterogeneous surfaces. To investigate how SOD1 fibril formation is affected by surfaces, we used an in vitro model system enabling us to vary the molecular features of both SOD1 and the surfaces, as we

There is a growing appreciation of the need and urgency to study and document mobility and energetics among extant hunter-gatherers. An increasing number of studies investigate the spatial and biophysical properties of hunter-gatherer movement, in order to gain a deeper understanding of such things as human energy expenditure and efficiency in human foraging behavior. So far, however, this researc

Construction of a genetic linkage map of the laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, establishes the rat as a genetic model. Allele sizes were reported for 432 simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLPs) genotyped in 12 different substrains belonging to nine different inbred strains of rats. However, these nine strains represent only a fraction of the more than 140 inbred strains available. If allele

We have used a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol to examine the expression of cytokines in the pancreases and islets of patients with type I diabetes. We detect a significant increase in the level of expression of interferon (IFN)-α in the pancreases of the diabetic patients as compared with the control pancreases. In contrast, IFN-β was detected at comparable level

The spontaneously diabetic BB rat is an excellent and well studied model for human insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), sharing many important features with the human disease. Similarities include an equal frequency of IDDM in males and females, production of antibodies against pancreatic cell antigens, and an MHC disease association. In addition, the BB rat shares with human IDDM patients an increa

Glutamate decarboxylase autoantibodies (GAD65Ab) and β-cell function were evaluated at and 3 years after diabetes onset in consecutive subjects over 15 years of age. At onset, 21 32 (66%) insulin-treated patients (mean age 43, range 16-79 years) had GAD65Ab; all GAD65Ab persisted 3 years later. At onset, 20 82 (24%) non-insulin-treated patients (mean age 56, range 20-79 years) had GAD65Ab. Of thos

The mechanisms by which the beta cells of pancreatic islets are destroyed in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are poorly understood. In this report the pancreatic histo- and immunopathology of two children, both HLA-DR 3/4, DQ 2/8 positive and who both died from cerebral oedema within a day of clinical diagnosis of IDDM, were investigated. Patient 1, a 14-month-old girl, had a 4-week his

The two isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), GAD67 and GAD65, synthesize the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid in neurons and pancreatic β-cells. Previous studies suggest that GAD67 is a soluble cytosolic protein, whereas GAD65 is membrane-associated. Here we study the intracellular distribution of GAD67 in neurons, pancreatic β-cells, and fibroblasts transfected either with GAD65 and

Most autoimmune diabetes occurs in those without a diabetic relative, but few cases are identifiable prospectively. To model general population prediction, 491 consecutive newly diabetic children from all of Sweden were tested for autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65ab), insulin (IAA), and islet cells (ICA), and for HLA-DQ genotypes by PCR; 415 matched control children were tested in p

A perfusion system for fluorescence microscopy that utilized a flow injection system was developed and used to study cell surface antibody binding on viable cells grown in monolayer cultures on coverslips. A polyclonal cell‐specific antiserum used to probe the cell surface was monitored by indirect immunofluorescence. The flow injection system was completely automatic and allowed controlled perfus

Patients with adult-onset Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are more difficult to identify than young patients, as their clinical onset is often less acute with a questionable state of insulin dependency. Classification may be facilitated by the detection of autoantibodies that are associated with IDDM. The prevalence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) and insulin autoantibodies

We report the construction of the first complete genetic linkage map of the laboratory rat. By testing 1171 simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLPs), we have identified 432 markers that show polymorphisms between the SHR and BN rat strains and mapped them in a single (SHR × BN) F2 intercross. The loci define 21 large linkage groups corresponding to the 21 rat chromosomes, together with a pair

The association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) insulin-dependent diabetes was studied in a large population-based investigation using genotyping of 425 new-onset patients, 0-14 years of age, and 367 matched control subjects. As many as 97% of patients compared with 75% of control subjects were positive for one or several of DQA1*0301, DQA1*0501, DQB1*0302, or DQB1*0201. Asp-57 DQB was prese