This thesis conducts a study in conceptual history into the meaning of sovereignty within the Holy Roman Empire, a European political institution of states that lasted from 962 to 1806 AD. Three classical theorists in sovereignty, namely Jean Bodin, Thomas Hobbes, and Samuel von Pufendorf comprehend the main philosophical corps of the thesis, which will be operationalised by studying three constit

It is increasingly agreed upon by both scholars and policymakers that policies have different gendered effects. Agricultural input subsidies are highly debated policies in Africa. They were popular in the 1960s and 1970s, removed under the SAPs and liberalisation schemes in the 1980s and 1990s, and have been making a comeback since the turn of the century. This study aims to analyse to what extent

There exists considerable debate on the utility of ILO’s decent work agenda and its four pillars of full employment, rights at work, social dialogue, and social protection in the context of emerging economies. Whether these pillars be achieved in unison or if there a need to prioritize a pillar over another and whether the notion as a whole is complementary with other development objectives like e

Det finns just nu momentum för att stängda de luckor i lagstiftningen kring företags ansvar för negativa effekter på mänskliga rättigheter. En av de mest ambitiösa åtagandena hittills är initiativet till ett EU-direktiv med syfte att kräva skälig aktsamhet (så kallad ”due diligence”) och ansvar från företag för påverkan på mänskliga rättigheter och miljön. Ett lagförslag förväntas komma under sommMomentum is building for closing the regulatory gaps on business responsibility for adverse human rights impacts. One of the most ambitious actions so far is the initiative for an EU directive on corporate due diligence and accountability for human rights and the environment. A proposal for the provisions of the directive is expected this summer (2021). Historically children’s rights have been top

Grön infrastruktur kan bevara skogens biodiversitet Du kanske minns från när du var liten och besökte ett naturreservat, hur mjuk mossan var, och du hörde fåglarna sjunga högt där uppe bland trädkronorna. Skogen var levande och kryllade av alla möjliga sorters insekter, mossor, lavar, blommor och träd. Den vittnade om en hög biologisk mångfald som är nödvändig för att våra ekosystem ska fungera oBiodiversity is today rapidly decreasing, and one of the main threats is land use intensification in forest landscapes. By improving the forest quality in the surrounding landscape of protected areas, the level of biodiversity could increase, and green infrastructure areas have been proposed as a method in Sweden. These areas are called Valuable Forest Areas (VFAs), and contain high densities of s

Reaching the targets of the Paris Agreement requires acceleration of low-carbon energy transitions. At the same time, it is not fully understood why some technologies spread more rapidly and widely than others. This thesis advances our understanding of the diffusion of large-scale low-carbon technologies by bridging technology diffusion studies and political economy of transitions. Through combini

Recent research suggests that it is the decline in the frequency of ‘shrinking’ episodes, and not higher growth rates, that are more important for long-term development. A growing body of literature also focuses on how income inequality and poverty affect economic growth rates, with a consensus emerging about their negative impacts. By employing a framework centred around social capabilities, this

Regional integration on the African continent has been promoted for decades as a means to sustained economic development in Africa, with multiple agreements on the continent to stimulate such integration. Many countries are members of these regional integration organizations on the basis of increasing intra-regional trade and cooperation. This study is a comparative analysis between two countries

The sustainable production and consumption of foods is gaining traction and globally, it is believed that there is nutritional transitional taking place from animal-based protein to plant-based protein. Product requirements, supply chain conditions, and consumption patterns for animal-based proteins and plant-based proteins will vary. This ensures that the packaging of plant-based foods must now m

Lactobacillus reuteri is known as probiotics with health benefits. Freeze-drying is frequently used to preserve probiotics and keep them alive. However, freeze-drying through freezing and drying might cause some damages to the probiotic’s cells. Formulation by protective agents including cryoprotectants and lyoprotectants prior to freeze-drying can prevent and reduce these damages. In this study,

Decision making is one of the most critical tasks that can have an impact on organisations’ performance. To rely on decisions, organisations need to consider effective decision making. Hence to make effective decisions, most organisations are moving towards data driven deci-sion making with the aim to increase profits and reduce costs that can lead them to a compet-itive advantage. However, adopti

1957 var det år som kvinnor fick börja utbilda sig till poliser, 60 år senare, år 2017 så uppmärksammar #metoo-uppropet den kamp mot sexism och trakasserier som kvinnor fortfarande behöver kämpa. #nödvärn riktar ljuset mot just polisyrket och den sexism, ojämställdhet och tystnadskultur som kvinnliga poliser möter i sitt yrke. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka kvinnliga polisers upplev

Author: Oskar Nilsson. Title. To work reinforced. A qualitative study of the changes within the social assistance benefits work in Malmö. (Translated title). Supervisor. Torbjörn Hjort. In august of 2018 the local board of labor market and social services in Malmö decided that all inhabitants receiving social assistance benefits should have monthly scheduled meetings with their social worker. T

Purpose - With the ever increasing digitization, businesses are exposed to new ways of marketing strategies. Even though new ventures just have a small success rate, research has not focused on exploring the skills entrepreneurs need to succeed with their venture. This research seeks to explore the importance of marketing skills, entrepreneurs need for a successful digital entrepreneurial marketin

This study aims to analyse whether central bank’s explicit objective regarding financial stability has affected the practise of monetary policy and how this practise differs from economic theory. Through analysing the Bank of England and the Swedish Riksbank two central banks with different institutional setup and objectives regarding monetary policy and financial stability we see how the practice

Grey peas are a forgotten grain seed in the Nordic countries as well as Sweden, which are quite unexplored for their potential uses in different food products. Before the cultivation of yellow peas and green peas took over, they used to be the dominating type of peas in Europe in medieval times. They are a rich source of protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals such as B vitamins, folates, and Iron.

Effective tax systems play a key role in self-sustained economic growth. Where foreign aid can provide much needed funds for less developed countries, it may also increase aid dependency if the country does not simultaneously improve its taxing capacity. This thesis is empirically investigating the relationship of foreign aid and tax revenue mobilization in a panel of 53 African countries during 1

Denna studie undersökte hur vårdnadshavare till barn som genomgått gastric bypass-kirurgi som behandling för svår fetma förstått och upplevt operationsprocessen. Studien genomfördes på 15 transkriberade intervjuer från the Adolescent Morbid Obesity Study (AMOS): “Att genomgå överviktskirurgi - från ett patient- och föräldraperspektiv”. Intervjuerna analyserades genom en tematisk analys med en induThe current study examined how parents of adolescents who underwent gastric bypass-surgery as a treatment for severe obesity understood and experienced the process of surgery. The study was conducted based on 15 transcribed interviews from the the Adolescent Morbid Obesity Study (AMOS): “Att genomgå överviktskirurgi - från ett patient- och föräldraperspektiv”. The interviews were analysed inductiv

Bakgrund: I dagens moderna samhälle matas vi med information om ”andras” död, via nyheter, filmer, serier och böcker, men hur hanterar vi när döden kommer ”nära” och berör oss själva? Frågeställning: Hur uppfattar och talar nutidsmänniskan om döden? Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ studie med fenomenologiskt fokus. Jag använder mig av semistrukturerade intervjuer och urvalet är ett så kallat bek

This research provides an overview of some of the frequently occurring themes in discussion of academic criticism toward child sponsorship with Swedish sponsorship staff. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of child sponsorship, their purpose, and critique, than the one that can be draw from the existing literature which remains largely detached to the perspectives of the people on th