Rapporten analyserar inkomstskillnader mellan land och stad för perioden 1990-2017. Vi börjar med att rangordna hela Sverige utifrån en land-stad dimension. Rangordningen delar in befolkningen i olika grupper där befolkningen i de mest glesa områdena i Sverige och befolkningen i de mest urbana områdena utgör ytterligheterna. Med hjälp av rangordningen undersöker vi sedan inkomster i de olika grupp

The dynamical stability of tightly packed exoplanetary systems remains poorly understood. While a sharp stability boundary exists for a two-planet system, numerical simulations of three-planet systems and higher show that they can experience instability on timescales up to billions of years. Moreover, an exponential trend between the planet orbital separation measured in units of Hill radii and th

Background The obesity epidemic has influenced pain rehabilitation clinics. To date, little is known about baseline level of physical activity (PA) in patients referred to pain rehabilitation clinics. We aimed to investigate the PA levels of patients referred to pain rehabilitation clinics and to evaluate the effect of excess weight on PA level. Methods and findings Data were obtained from the Swe

The correct folding of proteins is of paramount importance for their function, and protein misfolding is believed to be the primary cause of a wide range of diseases. Protein folding has been investigated with time-averaged methods and time-resolved spectroscopy, but observing the structural dynamics of the unfolding process in real-time is challenging. Here, we demonstrate an approach to directly

Organisms regularly encounter stressful conditions that negatively affects their fitness. One way to minimize these negative effects is to use cues from the environment in order to develop an appropriate phenotype. Many populations of water fleas (Daphnia spp.) are exposed to algal blooms dominated by toxin- producing cyanobacteria during parts of the summer season, which can reduce growth, reprod

This study compared second languagevocabulary acquisition from engagement with two different online media: written blog posts and video blogs. It also explored whether there were differences betweenwhich aspects of vocabulary knowledge(i.e., orthography, semantics, and grammatical function) were best learned from these media. The results showed that incidental vocabulary learning occurred in appro

Background to the report:The Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) commissioned this Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) with a view to understanding what is known from the research literature concerning learning a foreign language (FL) and its impact on students’ wider academic outcomes. The key questions addressed examine: i) the research identifyingwhat approaches to teaching FLs are being used and

The seminar, held at the University of Oxford, Department of Education, 23 and 24 August 2018, organised by Henriette L. Arndt from the University of Oxford and Christina Lyrigkou from the Open University, brought together researchers and education practitioners from across Europe (and beyond) to engage in collaborative dialogue about the emergent, innovative field of informal L2 learn- ing (ISLL)

This study evaluated the suitability of the latest retrospective Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement V06 (IMERG) Final Run product with a relatively long period (beginning from June 2000) for drought monitoring over mainland China. First, the accuracy of IMERG was evaluated by using observed precipitation data from 807 meteorological stations at multiple temp

STORIES (Students' Ongoing Research in Education Studies) is a conference for graduate students and early career researchers to discuss their ongoing research in education and education-related projects in other disciplines, such as linguistics, anthropology, social policy intervention, economics, and the wider social sciences. The conference is organised by graduate students and held annually at

In Arabidopsis thaliana, winter is registered during vernalization through the temperature-dependent repression and epigenetic silencing of floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Natural Arabidopsis accessions show considerable variation in vernalization. However, which aspect of the FLC repression mechanism is most important for adaptation to different environments is unclear. By analysing FLC

The transitions between developmental stages are critical points in the Plasmodium life cycle. The development of Plasmodium in the livers of their mammalian hosts bridges malaria transmission and the onset of clinical symptoms elicited by red blood cell infection. The egress of Plasmodium parasites from the liver must be a carefully orchestrated process to ensure a successful switch to the blood

The majority of research in second language acquisition has traditionally focused on classroom-based, instructed learning. However, with the spread of new technologies and the concomitant globalisation of popular culture, informal second language practices (ISLPs; e.g. watching films and television, using social media, or playing video games in another language) are increasingly becoming part of t

Hypertension affects approximately one third of the world’s adult population and is a major cause of premature death despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatments. Growing evidence supports the use of lifestyle interventions for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of hypertension. In this Review, we provide a summary of the epidemiological research supporting the preventive and ant

Context. WASP-121 b is a hot Jupiter that was recently found to possess rich emission (day side) and transmission (limb) spectra, suggestive of the presence of a multitude of chemical species in the atmosphere. Aims. We survey the transmission spectrum of WASP-121 b for line-absorption by metals and molecules at high spectral resolution and elaborate on existing interpretations of the optical tran

Research on the Online Informal Learning of English has found that social media can facilitate language learning, mainly in the domain of vocabulary. It does so not only by providing the necessary language input, but also through the unique ways in which social media platforms encourage interaction between the user and the content as well as with other users. The present study investigated English

Platelets are versatile cells which are capable of eliciting nonhemostatic immune functions, especially under inflammatory conditions. Depending on the specific setting, platelets may be either protective or pathogenic in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Their role in transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is less well defined; however, it has been hypothesi

Digital and scalable technologies are increasingly important for rapid and large-scale assessment and monitoring of land cover change. Until recently, little research has existed on how these technologies can be specifically applied to the monitoring of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) activities. Using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform, we

We present a model of how counting is learned based on the ability to perform a series of specific steps. The steps require conceptual knowledge of three components: numerosity as a property of collections; numerals; and one-to-one mappings between numerals and collections. We argue that establishing one-to-one mappings is the central feature of counting. In the literature, the so-called cardinali