Previous studies have presented divergent estimates of the cost of illness of COPD due to differences in methodology. The objective of this study was to examine differences between register-based estimates versus population-based estimates on the burden of COPD. This study therefore examined differences in costs of COPD among physician-diagnosed and un-diagnosed subjects. During a one-year period,

This paper reports on a retrospective analysis of hospital-based healthcare costs associated with the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During the second half of 2001, Simrishamn Hospital, Sweden, implemented a structured Disease Management Programme (DMP) for COPD and a total of 784 patients with COPD, enrolled in the DMP, were included in the analysis. The goal was to r

This open, multinational, randomised, parallel-group, six-month extension conducted in the Swedish centres of a previous six-month study compared the costs of a total of 12 months of treatment with budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler with budesonide plus formoterol separate inhalers in 320 adults with asthma. Patients received budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort® Turbuhaler®) 160/4.5 mg deliver

Stress, Unmanageability, FOMO, and Lack of Recovery: A New Perspective on Adolescent Mental HealthToday, many of the challenges that adolescents face involve mental health issues, some of which have the potential of negatively affecting them for a long time to come. There is, however, at present a lack of a detailed account on the mental health issues experienced by adolescents in Sweden. This stu

Observations from engine experiments indicates that the gross indicated efficiency (GIE) increases when the inlet temperature (Tinlet) is lowered. The change in Tinlet affects several important factors, such as the heat release profile (affecting heat and exhaust losses), working fluid properties, combustion efficiency and heat transfer losses. These factors all individually contributes to the res

Swedish engineering education is organised as study programs consisting of intertwined chains of course units. Formal program objectives integrate skills, scientific attitudes and engineering knowledge. However, assessment of learning and educational quality typically focuses outcomes of individual course modules. It is our concern that study programme quality and student progression are hard to e

Semiconductor nanowires can act as nanoscaled optical fibers, enabling them to guide and concentrate light emitted by surface-bound fluorophores, potentially enhancing the sensitivity of optical biosensing. While parameters such as the nanowire geometry and the fluorophore wavelength can be expected to strongly influence this lightguiding effect, no detailed description of their effect on in-coupl

The education of our children is one of the most important assignments for society. The facilities where education is conducted have been seen as one important part of a good educational result. In order to create good facilities the lighting situation has for long been seen as one important factor both concerning daylight and electrical lighting. The chapter describes the development of research

We propose a new method to analyze employment and productivity dynamics in a consistent way. Using Swedish data we find that net jobs were mainly created in young, small firms and productivity gains were mainly created in large old firms.

We analyze a reform of notice periods for employer-initiated separations in Sweden, which reduced the notice periods for newly hired older workers substantially but implied minor or no changes in the advance notices for younger workers. The reform was initiated at different times depending on collective agreement. These circumstances provide ample opportunity for the identification of its effects.

Using detailed Swedish matched employer–employee data, I show evidence of within-firm job polarization. Applying a decomposition framework, I find that both within-firm and between-firm components are important for overall job polarization. Results also indicate that the degree of routineness is the most important explanation for the observed within-firm pattern. Bringing the analysis down to the

IntroductionMembrane processes can be either used in direct competition with conventional separation processes or in combination with these to cover a wider separation range. The focus of this work is on the applications in an apple juice plant using membrane processes in combination with conventional separation processes, i.e. separators and evaporators.Traditional Apple Juice Plant The tradition

Pursuing energy efficiency as a national policy objective is a cross-cutting challenge for governments. The outcomes expressed in proxies such as energy intensity of the economy and/or energy productivity are linked to so many variables and interventions operating at different levels; from macroeconomic conditions, technology development and path dependency, energy supply and pricing regimes to in

BACKGROUND: Club foot is a common congenital deformity affecting 150 000-200 000 children every year. Untreated patients end up walking on the side or back of the affected foot, with severe social and economic consequences. Club foot is highly treatable by the Ponseti method, a non-invasive technique that has been described as highly suitable for use in resource-limited settings. To date, there ha

Until recently little was known about the identity of the genes expressed in the arbuscules of mycorrhizas, due in part to problems associated with cloning genes from the tissues of an obligate symbiont. However, the combination of advanced molecular techniques, innovative use of the materials available and fortuitous cloning has resulted in the recent identification of a number of arbuscule-relat