A number of microorganisms are capable of binding immunoglobulins (Igs) in a manner, which excludes binding to conventional antigen binding sites. Interaction of such bacterial proteins with surface immunoglobulins leads to polyclonal activation of B-lymphocytes. A recent example is Moraxella catarrhalis that binds to B lymphocytes in an IgD-dependent manner and induces proliferation and different

Abstract is not available

Dosage compensation, the process whereby expression of sex-linked genes remains similar between sexes (despite heterogamety) and balanced with autosomal expression, was long believed to be essential. However, recent research has shown that several lineages, including birds, butterflies, monotremes and sticklebacks, lack chromosome-wide dosage compensation mechanisms and do not completely balance t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Mer än 75 % av energianvändningen i världen kommer idag från förbränning av fossila bränslen, biobränslen och avfall. Trots att alternativa energikällor är på framfart kommer förbränning stå för den största andelen av världens energianvändning även de kommande decennierna. Tyvärr medför förbränning flera negativa konsekvenser, såsom ökad koldioxidhalt i atmosfären och uLaser-induced incandescence, LII, is a laser-diagnostic technique that can be used to measure the volume fraction and the sizes of soot particles suspended in a gas, such as within a combustion process or in its exhausts. The technique is based on the facts that the time-decay of the radiation from laser-heated soot particles is directly related to the particle size in the probed volume, and that

This randomized trial evaluates whether automated telephony could be used to perform daily assessments in paroled offenders (N = 108) during their first 30 days after leaving prison. All subjects were called daily and answered assessment questions. Based on the content of their daily assessments, subjects in the intervention group received immediate feedback and a recommendation by automated telep

Abstract not available

In contrast to the associated with thromboembolic event type 1 myocardial infarction, type 2 myocardial infarction is caused by acute imbalance between oxygen supply and demand of myocardium. Type 2 myocardial infarction may be present in patients with or without obstructive coronary artery disease, but knowledge about patient characteristics, treatments, and outcome in relation to coronary artery

This ia a review of Aki Lehtinen, Jaakko Kuorikoski, and Petri Ylikoski’s "Economics for real: Uskali Mäki and the place of truth in economics".

Since the publication of the European League Against Rheumatism recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in 2012, new evidence and new therapeutic agents have emerged. The objective was to update these recommendations.

Spatially and temporally resolved spectroscopic measurements of light emitted from positive streamers in transformer oil are presented. Analyses of the measurements performed with a DC needle-plane gap yield electron densities and indications of the atomic excitation temperatures in the streamers. The hydrogen emission reveals an electron density below 10(16) cm(-3) during the main part of the str