BACKGROUND: Defecography is considered to be an essential investigation in the evaluation of functional anorectal disorders, but the agreement between observers from different clinical centers has never been evaluated. METHODS: 14 defecographic studies were selected aimed to cover the most relevant defecographic findings responsible for disordered defecation. Eight studies were considered unequivo

BACKGROUND: Glucose degradation products (GDPs) are cytotoxic in vitro and potentially toxic in vivo during peritoneal dialysis (PD). We are presenting the results of a two-year randomized clinical trial of a new PD fluid, produced in a two-compartment bag and designed to minimize heat-induced glucose degradation while producing a near neutral pH. The effects of the new fluid over two years of tre

This paper is devoted to an extension of Burchnall-Chaundy theory on the interplay between algebraic geometry and commuting differential operators to the case of q-difference operators.

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A search was undertaken to look for evidence of hyperdeformation in Gd-146,Gd-147. Three experiments employing Gammasphere for gamma-ray detection coupled with the Microball for channel selection via charged particle detection were carried out with increasing detection sensitivity and statistics. No definitive evidence for band structures that could be assigned to hyperdeformation could be found.

A5/1 is a stream cipher used in the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) standard. Several time-memory tradeoff attacks against A5/1 have been proposed, most notably the recent attack by Biryukov, Shamir, and Wagner, which can break A5/1 in seconds using huge precomputation time and memory. This correspondence presents a completely different attack on A5/1, based on ideas from correlation

Characterization of anti-GBM antibodies involved in Goodpasture's syndrome. Goodpasture's syndrome is a life threatening autoimmune kidney disease. The patients have autoantibodies to the glomerular basement membrane, which are specific for the C-terminal domain of type IV collagen (NC1). The major antigen has been localized to the alpha3(IV)-chain. We have investigated sera from 44 patients with

The Bolivian Altiplano is situated between two mountain ranges, the western and eastern central Andes in South America. It has two major lakes, Lake Titicaca to the north, and Lake Poopó to the south, which both are important for the nature as well as for the living conditions on the Altiplano. The two lakes are the remnants of large paleolakes. They are joined by the Desaguadero River. Lake Poopó

Longitudinal smooth muscle strips from guinea pig ileum were cultured in vitro for 5 days, and the relationship between extracellular Ca2+ and force in high-K+ medium was evaluated. In strips cultured with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), this relationship was shifted to the right (50% effective concentration changed by 2-3 mM) compared with strips cultured without FCS. The shift was prevented by inclu

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes or maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) increases susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied mutations in MODY1-4 genes, the presence of GAD antibodies, and HLA DQB1 risk genotypes in 66 Swedish women with GDM and a family history of diabetes. An oral glucose toler

PURPOSE. Structures derived from periocular mesenchyme arise by complex interactions between neural crest and mesoderm. Defects in development or function of structures derived from periocular mesenchyme result in debilitating vision loss, including glaucoma. The determination of long-term fates for neural crest and mesoderm in mammals has been inhibited by the lack of suitable marking systems. In

We theoretically consider charge transport through two quantum dots coupled in series. The corresponding full counting statistics for noninteracting electrons is investigated in the limits of sequential and coherent tunneling by means of a master equation approach and a density matrix formalism, respectively. We clearly demonstrate the effect of quantum coherence on the zero-frequency cumulants of

We present energy-resolved cross-correlation measurements of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses generated as high harmonics of femtosecond pulses from a 1 kHz titanium-sapphire laser. The harmonic pulses are probed by a fraction of the fundamental laser pulse at 800 nm, in a noncollinear geometry, allowing us to vary independently the parameters of the harmonic pump and near-infrared probe pulses. W

Ion current measurements can give information useful for controlling the combustion stability in a multi-cylinder engine. Operation near the dilution limit (air or EGR) can be achieved and it can be optimized individually for the cylinders, resulting in a system with better engine stability for highly diluted mixtures. This method will also compensate for engine wear, e.g., changes in volumetric e

Evidence has accumulated that apoptotic cell death contributes to brain damage following experimental seizures. A substantial number of degenerating neurons within limbic regions display morphological features of apoptosis following prolonged seizures evoked by systemic or local injections of kainic acid, systemic injections of pilocarpine and sustained stimulation of the perforant path. Although