The secondary injury cascades exacerbating the initial brain injury following intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are incompletely understood. We used dual microdialysis (MD) catheters placed in the perihaemorrhagic zone (PHZ) and in seemingly normal cortex (SNX) at time of surgical ICH evacuation in ten patients (range 26-70 years). Routine interstitial MD markers (including glucose and the lactate/p

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant risk factor for development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The S100A9-driven amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade occurring during primary and secondary TBI events can serve as a mechanistic link between TBI and Alzheimer's as demonstrated recently in the human brain tissues. Here by using immunohistochemistry i

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between 3 markers of apoptosis, that is, FADD (Fas-associated death domain-containing protein), caspase-3, and caspase-8, and incidence of coronary events (CEs) in a population-based cohort study.APPROACH AND RESULTS: In vitro experiments were performed to assess the response of the apoptotic biomarkers after Fas stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclea

BACKGROUND: Collagen type IV is the major constituent of basement membranes underlying endothelial cells and is important for endothelial cell attachment and function. Autoantibodies against native collagen type IV have been found in various autoimmune diseases. Oxidation of LDL in the vascular wall results in the formation of reactive aldehydes, which could modify surrounding matrix proteins. Lik

Purpose: According to the 2017 St Gallen surrogate definitions of the intrinsic subtypes, Ki67, progesterone receptor (PR) and Nottingham histological grade (NHG) are used for prognostic classification of estrogen receptor (ER) positive/HER2-negative breast cancer into luminal A- or luminal B-like. The aim of the present study was to investigate if additional biomarkers, related to endocrine signa

Objectives The aims of this national study in Sweden of patients with RA were to: examine the prevalence of sustained remission (SR), that is, remission lasting for at least 6 months; compare the prevalence of SR in patients with early RA and established RA; study the timing of onset of and time spent in SR; and study possible predictors of SR. Methods Adult patients with RA included in the Swedis

We develop a formal theory of decency. Shared values and understandings give rise to social norms. Norms may mandate collectively optimal behavior, but they need not do so. Furthermore, behavior can be affected by social values even if it stops short of norm compliance. Seeking stronger predictions, we propose a structural model of social values; society endorses efficiency and equality, but conde

We suggest that banks contribute extensively to systemic risk only if they are both "risky" and centrally placed in the financial network. To calculate systemic risk we apply the CoVaR measure of Adrian and Brunnermeier (2016) and measure centrality using detailed US loan syndication data. In agreement with our conjecture our main finding is that centrality is an important determinant of systemic

We study whether CEOs of private firms differ from other people with regard to their strategic decisions and beliefs about others’ strategy choices. Such differences are interesting since CEOs make decisions that are economically more relevant, because they affect not only their own utility or the well-being of household members, but the utility of many stakeholders inside and outside of the organ

The laboratory mouse Mus musculus has long been used as a model organism to test hypotheses and treatments related to understanding the mechanisms of disease in humans; however, for these experiments to be relevant, it is important to know the complex ways in which mice are similar to humans and, crucially, the ways in which they differ. In this chapter, an in-depth analysis of these similarities

Background: Studies on the incidence of Cushing’s disease (CD) are few and usually limited by a small number of patients. The aim of this study was to assess the annual incidence in a nationwide cohort of patients with presumed CD in Sweden. Methods: Patients registered with a diagnostic code for Cushing’s syndrome (CS) or CD, between 1987 and 2013 were identified in the Swedish National Patient R

Purpose: Fluoropyrimidine plus platinum (FP) is currently the standard treatment for esophageal cancer (EC). In recent years, taxane-based chemotherapy has also been used and has shown good efficacy in EC. This study aims to investigate the advantages of taxane-based over FP chemotherapy, as well as discuss its drawbacks, in the treatment of EC. Patients and methods: A literature search was done f

This European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer trial follow-up reports that repeated screening reduces the risk of dying from prostate cancer for up to 16 yr.

Seagrass ecosystems provide an array of ecosystem services ranging from habitat provision to erosion control. From a climate change and eutrophication mitigation perspective, the ecosystem services include burial and storage of carbon and nutrients in the sediments. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is the most abundant seagrass species along the Danish coasts, and while its function as a carbon and nutri

Purpose: The mammalian target of rapamycin is an enzyme that regulates cell metabolism and proliferation. It is up-regulated in aggressive tumors, such as glioblastoma, leading to increased glucose uptake and consumption. It has been suggested that glucose CEST signals reflect the delivery and tumor uptake of glucose. The inhibitor rapamycin (sirolimus) has been applied as a glucose deprivation tr

In vast areas of the ocean, the scarcity of iron controls the growth and productivity of phytoplankton. Although most dissolved iron in the marine environment is complexed with organic molecules, picomolar amounts of labile inorganic iron species (labile iron) are maintained within the euphotic zone and serve as an important source of iron for eukaryotic phytoplankton and particularly for diatoms.