Polarization deficiency and excess ion hydration free energy at an electric field E (ion hydration free energy at the field E subtracted by the ion hydration free energy at zero field) of hydrated calcium, sodium, and chlori e ions have been determined by Monte Carlo simulations. A spherical cell containing either one ion and molecular water or only molecular water subjected to an external electri

A method for determination of N-methylsuccinimide (MSI) and 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide (2-HMSI) in human urine and of MSI in human plasma was developed. MSI and 2-HMSI are metabolites of the widely used organic solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). MSI and 2-HMSI were purified from urine and plasma by C8 solid-phase extraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the negative

Chagasin is a protein produced by Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas' disease. This small protein belongs to a recently defined family of cysteine protease inhibitors. Although resembling well-known inhibitors like the cystatins in size (110 amino acid residues) and function (they all inhibit papain-like (Cl family) proteases), it has a unique amino acid sequence and structure. We

We have performed an eight-band k center dot p model calculation on the current-voltage (I-V) curves associated with interband magnetotransport in a double-barrier broken-gap heterostructure using the Burt-Foreman multiband envelope function theory and the scattering matrix approach. In a sample with very thin barriers, the broadening Gamma(0) of a virtual bound state with energy E-0 can be very l

This statement examines the relation of the resting ECG to its technology. Its purpose is to foster understanding of how the modern ECG is derived and displayed and to establish standards that will improve the accuracy and usefulness of the ECG in practice. Derivation of representative waveforms and measurements based on global intervals are described. Special emphasis is placed on digital signal

Fluorescence intensity transients of single molecules of the conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy,5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV) were studied at 15 K. Fluorescence blinking behavior was observed despite the expected low-temperature suppression of energy migration in such disordered molecular systems. Presence of the fluorescence blinking effect at 15K indicates that the single mo

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are reported as activated in excess in the morbidly obese state and, therefore, changes after weight loss can be anticipated. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a massive (similar to30%) weight reduction on the activation of the HPA axis and the ANS following bariatric surgery. Eight (7 women, 1 ma

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling presenterar en bred och kritisk översikt av litteraturen och forskningen angående inlärning av uttal och språkljud. De problem som framför allt vuxna har med att lära sig uttalet i ett främmande språk diskuteras och de olika hypotesen granskas. Jag argumenterar att inlärning är i stort sett en härmningsprocess. Två modeller av inlärning presenteras. DThis work is concerned with the acquisition of the phonetic characteristics of languages and dialects, and with the issue of learner talent or individual achievement in learning second languages. Following a survey of the literature on language learning limits, it is argued that the concentration on group trends in most of the existing literature, whilst convenient, serves more to obscure the reas

The preference of juvenile Arctic char [Salvelinus alpinus (L.)] for odors from siblings and nonsiblings with different major histocompability complex class II (MHC) genotypes was studied in two-choice fluviarium tests. In the first part of the study, test fish demonstrated no preference for water scented by a sibling with a MHC genotype different from its own versus water scented by a MHC identic

Adherence to maintenance therapy is often poor in patients with asthma. Simplifying dosing regimens has the potential to improve both adherence and asthma-retated morbidity. In this 12-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parattel-group study, 617 patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV,] 78.5% predicted) who were not optimally controlle

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kritiskt sjuka patienter på intensivvårdsavdelningar (IVA) har ofta störningar i blodets levringsförmåga (koagulation). Kliniska tecken som blodpropp (djup ventrombos eller blodpropp i lungorna) och/eller blödning kan vara resultatet av aktivering och konsumtion av koagulationsfaktorer och koagulationshämmare. Disseminerad intravaskulär koagulation (DIC, som är en samtiCritically ill patients in intensive care units (ICU) often have coagulation disturbances. Clinical manifestations such as thromboembolism and/or bleeding may result from activation and consumption of coagulation factors and inhibitors. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe condition with an often-poor prognosis. Global haemostatic tests are inexpensive, widely available, and ma

Variability in cover of five field layer species was recorded during ten consecutive years in thirty permanent plots within a south Swedish Carpinus betulus forest. The studied species were Oxalis acetosella, Lamium galeobdolon, Stellaria holostea, Hedera helix and Holcus mollis. We observed great interannual variability in cover percentage of all studied species with 76% out of all year-to-year d