Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide attractive biomarkers for assessment of pulmonary disease in clinical trials as it is free from ionizing radiation, minimally invasive and allows regional information. The aim of this study was to characterize lung MRI T1 relaxation time as a biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); and specifically its relationship to smoking history,

Functional genomics methods are used to investigate the huge amount of information contained in genomes. Numerous experimental methods rely on the use of oligo- or polynucleotides. Nucleotide strand hybridization forms the underlying principle for these methods. For all these techniques, the probes should be unique for analyzed genes. In addition to being unique for the studied genes, the probes s

When using virtual-reality paradigms to study animal behaviour, careful attention must be paid to how the animal's actions are detected. This is particularly relevant in closed-loop experiments where the animal interacts with a stimulus. Many different sensor types have been used to measure aspects of behaviour, and although some sensors may be more accurate than others, few studies have examined

Overexpression of wingless-type MMTV integration site family 5A (WNT5A) plays a significant role in melanoma cancer progression; however, the mechanism(s) involved remains unknown. In breast cancer, the human antigen R (HuR) has been implicated in the regulation of WNT5A expression. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous expression of WNT5A correlates with levels of active HuR in HTB63 and WM852 mel

Chronic neural interfaces that are both structurally and functionally stable inside the brain over years or decades hold great promise to become an invaluable clinical tool in the near future. A key flaw in the current electrode interfaces is that their recording capabilities deteriorate over time, possibly due to the lack of flexibility, which causes movements in relation to the neural tissue tha

The clinical consequence of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in cystic fibrosis (CF) varies between individuals for unknown reasons. Auto-antibodies against bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI-ANCA) are associated with poor prognosis in CF. We hypothesize that there is a correlation between the presence of BPI-ANCA, the properties of the colonizing bacteria and the clinica

OBJECTIVE: Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation, an important component of atherosclerosis progression, is critically regulated by the matrix, with normal components of the healthy SMC matrix limiting modulation and atherosclerosis-associated transitional matrix proteins promoting phenotypic modulation. We sought to determine how collagen IV (which comprises the healthy artery wall) and

Despite the literatures on the role of input in adult second language (L2) acquisition, and on artificial and statistical language learning, surprisingly little is known about how adults break into a new language in the wild. This paper reports on a series of behavioral and neuroimaging studies that examine what linguistic information adults can extract from naturalistic but controlled audio-visua

PURPOSE: For primary melanomas, tumor thickness, mitotic rate and ulceration are well-laid cornerstones of prognostication. However, a molecular exposition of melanoma aggressiveness is critically missing. We recently uncovered a four-class structure in metastatic melanoma that predicts outcome and informs biology. This raises the possibility that a molecular structure exists even in the early st

OBJECTIVE: Prevalence and clinical relevance of patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. METHOD: Prospectively we studied 94 out of 100 consecutive patients 15 years after acute ACL injury. ACL reconstructions were only performed late if recurrent "give way" persisted or a secondary meniscal injury suitable for repair occurred. The subjects, mean age 4

Abstract BACKGROUND: Family history has been suggested as a risk factor for varicose veins, but recall bias may inflate the familial risks. The aim of this nationwide study was to determine familial risks for hospital treatment for varicose veins. METHODS: Data from the Swedish Multi-Generation Register of people aged 0-76 years were linked to Hospital Discharge Register data for 1964-2008. Stand

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumour is not uncommon in the liver but seldom malignant.

Perturbation in the expression and signaling pathways of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been linked to pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. We investigated the expression and clinical importance of VEGF and two of its receptors, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, in childhood precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) by using immunohistochemistry. These angiogenic proteins we

OBJECTIVES: Expression of uPA mRNA is massively up-regulated in the stroma of poorly differentiated ovarian tumors. We hypothesized that this expression was induced by paracrine signals from the epithelial tumor cells, and established an in vitro model of ovarian cancer microenvironment to study intercellular cross-talk. METHODS: ES-2 clear cell carcinoma cells were grown in tissue culture inserts