Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates of serotypes 1, 4, 6B, 7F, 14, and 19F belonging to clonal types with known invasive disease potential in humans were used to infect C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Most isolates were able to colonize the nasopharynx for 7 days. One serotype 19F isolate of the clonal type ST162 had higher bacterial numbers than other isolates and clonal types of the same serotype. Seroty

Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) has successfully been used in immunotherapy of different experimental tumours. Mechanistically, IFN-gamma has extensive effects on the immune system including release of nitric oxide (NO) by upregulation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). NO has putative immunosuppressive effects but could also play a role in killing of tumour cells. Therefore, the aim of t

A part of this thesis has been devoted to present general recuperator technology such as available gas turbine recuperator types, applications where recuperators are utilized, recuperator materials etc. An investigation of some compact and highly efficient heat transfer surfaces, for intended use in gas turbine recuperators, include the following surfaces: · Cross Wavy (CW) primary surface. · Cor

A new flow-through electrochemical microcell was fabricated, in order to be used as an on-line detector in microdialysis-based investigations. The microcell is obtained by sandwich-like assembling the electrode system patterned on a glass chip and a silicon rubber gasket bearing the fluidic elements (inlet, outlet, flow channel, and containers for reference and counter electrode). Four Pt microele

The use of physiological data from human tests in modelling should consider background data, such as activity, environmental factors and clothing insulation on the whole body. The present paper focuses on local thermal comfort of feet with special attention on the effects of physical changes of footwear thermal properties. An alternative test method is available for footwear thermal testing beside

Popular Abstract in Swedish Livstidsprevalensen för läkemedelsberoende hos alkoholberoende patienter varierar mellan 20% och 45%. I normalbefolkningen är livstidsprevalensen av läkemedelsberoende cirka 2%; livstidsprevalensen för beroende av bensodiazepiner (BZD) respektive legala opioider (metadon exkluderat) är 0.3-0.9% respektive 0.8%. Förskrivningen av BZD har de senaste åren legat konstant elThe thesis contains 4 papers, two clinical studies and two meta-analyses. In the BZD taper study (Paper I) 21 BZD dependent (DSM-IV) patients were included for a 10-day inpatient detoxification. The average defined daily dose (DDD) was 4.7 doses. Withdrawal symptoms were not more pronounced compared to more extended detoxification procedures reported in literature. Five patients, all with concomi

Introduction. An open collaborative international network has been established which aims to improve inter-centre standards for collection of high-resolution, neurointensive care data on patients with traumatic brain injury. The group is also working towards the creation of an open access, detailed and validated database that will be useful for post-hoc hypothesis testing. In Part A, the underlyin

Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in consumer products and is known to disturb the development of the male reproductive system in rats. The mechanisms by which DEHP exerts these effects are not yet fully elucidated, though some of the effects are related to reduced fetal testosterone production. The present study investigated the effects of four different doses of DEHP