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A method is described for measurement of freely dissolved copper concentrations in natural water samples using supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction under equilibrium conditions, a technique denoted "equilibrium sampling through membranes" (ESTM). For this purpose, 1,10-dibenzyl-1,10-diaza-18-crown-6 as neutral carrier and oleic acid were used in the membrane phase. The main variables optimis

In this paper, we present Vendian palaeomagnetic data for continent Baltica, based on results from the 608 +/- 1 Ma old Sarek Dyke Swarm in northern Sweden. The dykes sit in the Sarektjahkka Nappe of the Seve Nappes, which were thrust eastwards over the Baltic craton during the early Palaeozoic Caledonian Orogeny. In spite of long transport distances as well as deformation and metamorphism in the

The emerging genomic technologies and bioinformatics provide novel opportunities for studying life-threatening human pathogens and to develop new applications for the improvement of human and animal health and the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of infections. Based on the ecology and population biology of pathogens and related organisms and their connection to epidemiology, more accurate typ

The Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) principle holds promise to increase efficiency and to reduce emissions from internal combustion engines. As HCCI combustion lacks direct ignition timing control and auto-ignition depends on the operating condition, control of auto-ignition is necessary. Since auto-ignition of a homogeneous mixture is very sensitive to operating conditions, a fast

The rarefaction technique applied to fossil pollen sequences for analyzing palynological richness, interpreted as a signal of biological diversity of landscapes and vegetation, has been developed since 1988. Errors including population evenness and vegetation disturbance have been considered in this study. Information from two sites is discussed, one with a pollen diagram covering Late-Glacial (La

Expression of C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON) in DRG and cell proliferation (incorporation of BrdU) in sciatic nerve of rats following chronic nerve compression (silicone tubes with different internal diameters) was studied by immunocytochemistry. An increased number of CPON-positive neurons and cells incorporating BrdU was induced on the compressed side, most pronounced when

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between language comprehension and language production in Swedish children. This was done longitudinally with 10 children with specific language impairment (SLI), aged 4;0 to 6;3 at Time I, and 10 children with unimpaired language development, aged 3;1 to 3;7 at Time I. The target structure was subordination, more precisely relative c

For a normal periodic crystal, the X-ray diffraction pattern can be described by an orientation matrix and a set of three integers that indicate the reciprocal lattice points. Those integers determine the spacing along the reciprocal lattice directions. In aperiodic crystals, the diffraction pattern is modulated and the standard periodic main reflections are surrounded by satellite reflections. Th

Objective To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition 11 years after the onset of anorexia nervosa (AN). Method Thirty-nine AN subjects (36 females, 3 males), selected from a population-based sample, and 46 matched controls (COMP; 43 females, 3 males) were examined by using double-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Only 2 women still had AN. None of the men had AN. Results T

The involvement of researchers in the policy process and policy-makers in research is little studied, particularly in developing countries. In 1993, the Lao National Drug Policy (NDP) was endorsed in a consultative process involving many stakeholders. Lao People's Democratic Republic is a poor country in South East Asia. Five pilot provinces were selected for implementation of the policy, which ha

Researchers in the field of molecular ecology and evolution require versatile and low-cost genetic typing methods. The AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) method was introduced 10 years ago and shows many features that fulfil these requirements. With good quality genomic DNA at hand, it is relatively easy to generate anonymous multilocus DNA profiles in most species and the start-up time

Embryonic nigral grafts can survive, reinnervate the striatum and reverse functional deficits in both experimental and clinical Parkinsonism. A major drawback is that only around 10% of the implanted dopaminergic neurons survive. The underlying mechanisms leading to this 90% cell death are not fully understood, but oxidative stress and a substantial loss of neurotrophic support are likely to be in

BACKGROUND: In critically ill patients who were surface cooled to 33 +/- 2 degrees C, we have observed that dopamine sometimes causes a substantial decrease in blood pressure. The present study was designed to compare the effects of dopamine in normothermia to those seen after surface cooling to 32 degrees C. METHODS: Seven pigs with a mean body weight of 21 kg were anesthetized with ketamine and

The PHENIX experiment presents results from the RHIC 2006 run with polarized p + p collisions at root s = 62.4 GeV, for inclusive pi(0) production at midrapidity. Unpolarized cross section results are measured for transverse momenta p(T) = 0.5 to 7 GeV/c. Next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations are compared with the data, and while the calculations are consistent wit

Patch use theory and the marginal value theorem predict that a foraging patch should be abandoned when the costs and benefits of foraging in the patch are equal. This has generally been interpreted as all patches being abandoned when their instantaneous intake rate equals the foraging costs. Bayesian foraging – patch departure is based on a prior estimate of patch qualities and sampling informatio