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This entry provides an analytical account of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), examining its emergence from the failure to realise universal human rights for persons with disabilities and the participation of organisations of persons with disabilities in its negotiation. It examines the Convention’s origins, the breadth and structure of its rights, its understanding
Salmonella enterica can persist asymptomatically within tissues for extended periods. This is achieved through intricate host–pathogen interactions in immune cell aggregates called granulomas, wherein Salmonella establish favourable cellular niches to exploit while the host limits its expansion and tissue dissemination. Here, using a mouse model of persistent Salmonella infection, we identify a ho
Salmonella enterica is one of the most widespread bacterial pathogens found worldwide, resulting in approximately 100 million infections and over 200 000 deaths per year. Salmonella isolates, termed ‘serovars’, can largely be classified as either nontyphoidal or typhoidal Salmonella, which differ in regard to disease manifestation and host tropism. Nontyphoidal Salmonella causes gastroenteritis in
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium must adapt to rapid environmental shifts, including those encountered upon entry and during replication to survive within macrophages during pathogenesis. Despite extensive RNA-seq-based investigations, questions remain regarding the range, timing and magnitude of response dynamics. Here we constructed a comprehensive GFP-reporter strain library representing
Host-pathogen interactions involve two critical strategies: resistance, whereby hosts clear invading microbes, and tolerance, whereby hosts carry high pathogen burden asymptomatically. Here, we investigate mechanisms by which Salmonella-superspreader (SSP) hosts maintain an asymptomatic state during chronic infection. We found that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for this disease-tolerant
Macrophages provide a crucial environment for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) to multiply during typhoid fever, yet our understanding of how human macrophages and S. Typhi interact remains limited. In this study, we delve into the dynamics of S. Typhi replication within human macrophages and the resulting heterogeneous transcriptomic responses of macrophages during infection. Our stud
Introduction: Acute lower uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) affects a large proportion of women. Increased antimicrobial resistance has created an urgent need for novel therapeutics and the phytotherapeutic drug BNO 1045 (Canephron® N) has previously been shown to be noninferior to standard antimicrobial stewardship. This sub-analysis from a randomized, double-blind, controlled phase II
Alternating marine inflow and continental outflow make southern Sweden a suitable region for investigating natural and anthropogenic contributions to background particulate matter (PM). However, interpreting dust and marine aerosol sources remains challenging because their source signatures often overlap during atmospheric transport. This study investigated aerosol sources at the Vavihill and Hylt
Recovery of plastically deformed metals involves several stages of substructure evolution during which dislocation entanglements and networks become increasingly organized, thereby lowering the stored energy in the material. Central to recovery is the formation and evolution of subgrains, which is also recognized as a recrystallization precursor. In this paper, subgrain coarsening is investigated
Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is the gold standard in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), however, associated with rare but severe complications. Patients with a high pretest risk should be referred directly for ICA, whereas a noninvasive strategy is recommended in the remaining patients. In the setting of a university hospital, we investigated the pattern of diagnostic tests use
BACKGROUND: The KIDSCREEN-27 is a measure of child and adolescent quality of life (QoL), with excellent psychometric properties, available in child-report and parent-rating versions in 38 languages. This study provides child-reported and parent-rated norms for the KIDSCREEN-27 among Swedish 11-16 year-olds, as well as child-parent agreement. Sociodemographic correlates of self-reported wellbeing a
BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that specific depressive symptoms such as low energy, fatigue, sleep and appetite disturbances are associated with systemic low-grade inflammation. In this study, we investigated associations between an inflammatory symptom profile of depression and proteomic markers spanning inflammatory and metabolic pathways.METHODS: We analyzed 158 proteins related to infla
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) is sensitive to tissue diffusion and perfusion and has spurred great interest in various pathologies such as prostate cancer. However, poor repeatability and reproducibility of IVIM parameters hamper its wide-scale adoption in the clinics. To address this, improvements to the IVIM data acquisition and analysis are necessary. The purpose of this study was to deve
Oral epithelial cells monitor microbiome composition and initiate immune response upon dysbiosis, as in the case of Candida imbalances. Candida species, such as C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, are the most prevalent yeasts in the oral cavity. Comparison of healthy oral epithelial cell responses revealed that while C. albicans infection robustly activated inflammation cascades, C. parapsilosis pri
In recent years, microbiome studies have revealed that Candida species are common colonizers of the human skin. The distribution of species, however, varies greatly. Although C. parapsilosis is more likely to resemble skin commensals, opinions are divided, and discrepancies are present regarding C. albicans that is also often associated with cutaneous candidiasis. Therefore, we aimed to thoroughly
Exposure to e-cigarette aerosols, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and respiratory viruses rarely occurs in isolation, but rather in complex polyexposure contexts during daily life. On a cellular and molecular level, vaping induces a distinct lipid-laden macrophage phenotype, alters pulmonary neutrophilic infiltration and impairs epithelial differentiation and ciliary f
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with oral Candida albicans infection, although it is unclear whether the fungus promotes the genesis and progression of OSCC or whether cancer facilitates fungal growth. In this study, we investigated whether C. albicans can potentiate OSCC tumor development and progression. In vitro, the presence of live C. albicans, but not Candida parapsilosis,
